dimanche 18 janvier 2015

Sainte PRISQUE (ou sainte PRISCA la Romaine), vierge et martyre


Sainte Prisque

Vierge et martyre ( 270)

Prisca ou Priscille. 

Les uns placent son martyre sous l'empereur Claude Tibère (54), d'autres sous l'empereur Claude le Gothique (270). Dans tous les cas, les actes de son martyre sont "très améliorés". Son culte, lui, est historique et très ancien. 

(Un internaute nous indique que la date de 270 est plus vraisemblable car le 1er Claude n'a régné que jusqu'en 54 et il n'est pas particulièrement connu comme persécuteur, contrairement à son successeur Néron qui, en 64, en prenant comme excuse l'incendie de Rome, a sacrifié les disciples du Christ.)

À Rome, commémoraison de sainte Prisque, au nom de qui une basilique fut dédiée à Dieu sur l’Aventin avant la fin du Ve siècle.

SOURCE : http://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/456/Sainte-Prisque.html

Martyrologe romain

Prière quotidienne, 18 janvier, sainte Prisque (Prisca la Romaine)

Vierge et martyre (†270), Prisca la Romaine est une chrétienne des premiers siècles de notre ère, martyrisée à Rome, ensevelie dans les catacombes de Priscille, sur la Via Salaria, vénérée dès le IVe siècle dans l'église qui lui est dédiée sur l'Aventin à Rome.
 Prière à sainte Prisca
Sainte Prisca vous avez témoigné jusqu’au sang votre amour du Seigneur.
Nous confions à vos prières tous les jeunes de notre temps :
Qu’ils soient touchés par le même amour de Jésus qui vous animait.
Qu’ils soient animés par la même faim de pureté et de sainteté que vous aviez.



St. Prisca

She was a martyr of the Roman Church, whose dates are unknown. The name Prisca or Priscilla is often mentioned by early authorities of the history of the Church of Rome. The wife of Aquila, the pupil of St. Paul, bore this name. The grave of a martyrPrisca was venerated in the Roman Catacomb of Priscilla on the Via Salaria. The place of interment is explicitly mentioned in all the seventh-century itineraries to the graves of the Roman martyrs (De Rossi, "Roma sotterranea", I, 176, 177). The epitaph of a Roman Christian named Priscilla was found in the "larger Catacomb", the Coemeterium maius, on the Via Nomentana, not far from the Catacomb of St. Agnes [De Rossi, Bull. di arch. crist. (1888-1889), 130, note 5]. There still exists on the Aventine a church of St. Prisca. It stands on the site of a very early title church, the Titulus Priscoe, mentioned in the fifth century and built probably in the fourth. In the eighteenth century there was found near this church a bronze tablet with an inscription of the year 224, by which a senator named Caius Marius Pudens Cornelianus was granted citizenship in a Spanish city. As such tablets were generally put up in the house of the person so honoured, it is possible that the senator's palace stood on the spot where the church was built later. The assumption is probable that the Prisca who founded this title church, or who, perhaps as early as the third century, gave the use of a part of the house standing there for the Christian church services, belonged to the family of Pudens Cornelianus. Whether the martyr buried in the Catacomb of Priscilla belonged to the same family or was identical with the founder of the title church cannot be proved. Still some family relationship is probable, because the name Priscilla appears also in the senatorial family of the Acilii Glabriones, whose burial-place was in the Catacomb of Priscilla on the Via Salaria. The "Martyrologium Hieronymianum" mentions under 18 January a martyr Priscilla on the Via Salaria (ed. De Rossi-Duchesne, 10). This Priscilla is evidently identical with the Prisca whose grave was in the Catacomb of Priscilla and who is mentioned in the itineraries of the seventh century. Later legendary traditions identified the founder of the Titulus Priscoe with St. Paul's friend, Priscilla, whose home would have occupied the spot on which the church was later erected. It was from here that St. Paul sent a greeting in his Epistle to the Romans. Another legend relates the martyrdom of a Prisca who was beheaded at the tenth milestone on the Via Ostiensis, and whose body Pope Eutychianus is said to have translated to the church of Prisca on the Aventine. The whole narrative is unhistorical and its details impossible. As 18 January is also assigned as the day of the execution of this Priscilla, she is probably the same as the Romanmartyr buried in the Catacomb of Priscilla. Her feast is observed on 18 January.

Sources

Acta SS., January, II, 184 sqq.; DUFOURCQ, Les Gesta martyrum romains, I (Paris, 1900), 169 sq.; GORRES, D. Martyrium d. hl. Prisca in Jahrbuch fur protest. Theologie (1892), 108 sq.; CARINI, Sul titolo presbiterale di S. Prisca (Palermo, 1885); DE ROSSI, Della casa d'Aquila e Prisca sull' Aventino in Bull. d'arch. crist. (1867), 44 sq.; IDEM, Aquila e Prisca e gli Acilii Glabriones, ibid. (1888-9), 128 sq.; MARUCCHI, Les basiliques et églises de Rome (2nd ed., Rome, 1909), 180 sq.; BUTLER, Lives of the Saints, January, I, 83.
Kirsch, Johann Peter. "St. Prisca." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 2 Jun. 2018 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12428c.htm>.
Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Robert B. Olson. Offered to Almighty God for Mary Sue Wheeler.
Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. June 1, 1911. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.



Église Santa Prisca (Chiesa di Santa Prisca) est un lieu de culte chrétien 
situé sur l'Aventin à Rome en Italie
Elle est dédiée à Sainte Prisca, une martyre du ier siècle.
 L'église est le siège du titre cardinalice de Santa Prisca 
érigé par le pape Évariste en 112(Titulus Priscae).


St. Prisca (Feast: January 18)

There are actually three St. Priscilla’s who lived in the first few centuries of the Church – all of whom were martyrs – and two of them share the same feast day of January 18! It is the virgin martyr St. Prisca that the Church primarily celebrates today though.

Prisca was born of a noble family in Rome during the reign of Claudius II. Most likely a Christian from birth, she was arrested during the persecutions when she was a young teenager and brought before the Emperor for questioning. Despite her youth, Prisca courageously proclaimed and upheld her Catholic Faith, even though she knew that by doing so in those days was ultimately the pronouncement of her own death sentence.

She suffered terrible tortures, one of which was being taken to the arena to be devoured by wild beasts. Rather than devour her though, the lions are said to have licked her feet! Finally, she was taken outside the city walls and beheaded. Legend tells us that when she was martyred, a great eagle appeared above her and protected her body for several days until the Christians were able to retrieve it.

The young martyr was buried in the Catacomb of St. Priscilla - the catacomb named after the St. Priscilla, wife of a Roman senator, who shares the same feast day of January 18 with the child-martyr, Prisca. She is said to have opened her home near the catacomb to Christians and to have befriended St. Peter who used her home as his headquarters in Rome. She was martyred during the reign of Emperor Domitian. As an interesting fact, there is probable speculation that this St. Priscilla was a family relation of the child-martyr St. Prisca, who is buried in her catacomb.

The third St. Priscilla was a disciple of St. Paul and wife of the Jewish tentmaker, Aquila.



 January 18

St. Prisca, Virgin and Martyr

SHE was a noble Roman lady, and after many torments finished her triumph by the sword, about the year 275. Her relics are preserved in the ancient church which bears her name in Rome, and gives title to a cardinal. She is mentioned in the sacramentary of St. Gregory, and in almost all western Martyrologies. The acts of her martyrdom deserve no regard: St. Paul, in the last chapter of his epistle to the Romans, salutes Aquila, a person of Pontus, of Jewish extraction, and Priscilla, whom he and all churches thanked, because they had exposed themselves for his sake. He mentions the church which assembled in their house, which he attributes to no other among the twenty-five Christians whom he saluted, and were then at Rome. This agrees with the immemorial tradition at Rome, that St. Peter consecrated an altar, and baptized there in an urn of stone, which is now kept in the church of St. Prisca. Aquila and Priscilla are still honoured in this church, as titular patrons with our saint, and a considerable part of their relics lies under the altar. Aquila and Priscilla were tent makers, and lived at Corinth, when they were banished from Rome under Claudius: she who is called Priscilla in the Acts of the Apostles, the Epistles to the Romans, and first to the Corinthians, is named Prisca in the second to Timothy. See the Roman Martyrology on the 18th of January and the 8th of July; also Chatelain, not. p. 333

Rev. Alban Butler (1711–73).  Volume I: January. The Lives of the Saints.  1866




Santa Prisca Martire


sec. III

Subì il martirio sotto Claudio II, nel III secolo, venne sepolta sulla Via Ostiense e traslata sull’Aventino. E’ probabile che sia stata la fondatrice di un’antica chiesa sull’Aventino. Tutto ciò che si racconta su di lei, sono leggende, e le informazioni che si hanno sono contraddittorio e ci rimandano a tre persone diverse.

Etimologia: Prisca = primitiva, di un'altra età, dal latino

Emblema: Palma

Martirologio Romano: A Roma, commemorazione di santa Prisca, nel cui nome è dedicata a Dio una basilica sull’Aventino.

E’ difficile stabilire la vera identità di questa martire romana, nonostante i numerosi documenti antichi, poiché le varie notizie che la riguardano si riferiscono probabilmente a tre persone diverse. La celebrazione odierna vuole comunque onorare la fondatrice della chiesa titolare sull'Aventino, alla quale si riferisce l'epigrafe funeraria del V secolo, conservata nel chiostro di S. Paolo fuori le mura. L'antica chiesa, cara a chi ama riscoprire gli angoli intatti dell'antica Roma, nell'ombra discreta e riposante delle sue navate, sorge sulle fondamenta di una grande casa romana del II secolo, come hanno provato recenti scavi archeologici.

Ma gli Acta S. Priscae, che ne fissano il martirio sotto Claudio II (268-270) e la sepoltura sulla via Ostiense, donde poi il suo corpo sarebbe stato portato sull'Aventino, non hanno maggiori titoli di credibilità della suggestiva leggenda, che colloca S. Prisca nell'epoca in cui S. Pietro svolse il suo lavoro missionario a Roma.

Secondo questa leggenda, la santa sarebbe stata battezzata all'età di tredici anni dallo stesso Principe degli apostoli e avrebbe coronato il suo amore a Cristo con la palma del martirio, stabilendo al tempo stesso un primato, suggerito anche dal nome romano, che significa "prima": ella sarebbe stata infatti la prima donna in Occidente a testimoniare col martirio la sua fede in Cristo. La protomartire romana sarebbe stata decapitata durante la persecuzione di Claudio, verso la metà del primo secolo. Il corpo della giovinetta venne sepolto, sempre secondo questa tradizione, nelle catacombe di Priscilla, le più antiche di Roma.

Nel secolo VIII si cominciò ad identificare la martire romana con Prisca, moglie di Aquila, di cui parla S. Paolo: "Salutate Prisca e Aquila, miei collaboratori in Gesù Cristo, i quali hanno esposto la loro testa per salvarmi la vita. Ad essi devo rendere grazie non solo io, ma anche tutte le chiese dei gentili" (Rm 16,3). Si cominciò così a parlare del "titulus Aquilae et Priscae" modificando il primitivo titolo di cui si ha notizia già nel sinodo romano del 499. Il titolo cardinalizio con cui si è voluto onorare la chiesa di S. Prisca, una santa oggi quasi dimenticata dai calendari, sta a testimoniare la devozione che fin dai primi secoli di vita cristiana riscuoteva questa "primizia" dell'umile pescatore di Galilea. La chiesa di S. Prisca, sorta sul luogo di una casa romana che secondo la leggenda avrebbe ospitato S. Pietro, conserva nella cripta un capitello cavo, usato dallo stesso apostolo, per battezzare i catecumeni.
SOURCE : http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/38250

Autore: Piero Bargellini