mardi 20 mars 2012

Saint FRÈRE ANDRÉ (ALFRED BESSETTE), religieux de la Congrégation de la Sainte-Croix et thaumaturge


SAINT FRÈRE ANDRÉ

(1845-1937)

Qui ne connaît le Frère André, thaumaturge du Mont-Royal et grand ami de saint Joseph à qui il attribuait les innombrables guérisons obtenues par son entremise?

Né le 9 août 1845, le petit Alfred était le sixième de dix enfants. A l'âge de 9 ans, il perdit son père, puis trois ans plus tard, sa mère. Alfred devint donc orphelin à l'âge de 12 ans; bien que d'une santé débile, pendant treize ans, le petit devra, pour subvenir à ses besoins, errer ça et là à la recherche du travail.

Puis, en 1870, Alfred Bessette entre au noviciat des religieux de Sainte-Croix et reçoit le nom de Frère André. C'était l'année même où Pie IX constituait saint Joseph patron de l'Église universelle. Au sortir du noviciat, le frère André reçoit la charge de portier au collège Notre-Dame du Sacré-Coeur, poste qu'il gardera pendant 40 ans. Il cumulait plusieurs emplois, tels: brosser les planchers, laver les vitres, entrer le bois de chauffage, couper les cheveux des élèves du collège, sonner le réveil matinal des religieux, faire les commissions, sans compter bien d'autres petits travaux d'entretien et de bricolage.

Dans ses multiples occupations, il ne perd pas de vue le surnaturel. Chacune de ses heures est peuplée de prières. Il médite surtout les souffrances du Sauveur et converse avec saint Joseph, son saint de prédilection.

Plus tard, face à l'affluence des foules, le Frère André accueillera les gens dans sont petit bureau, de six à huit heures par jour, beau temps, mauvais temps, et cela durant plus de vingt-cinq ans. Les guérisons miraculeuses allèrent en se multipliant. Les gens venaient de tous les coins du Canada, des États-Unis et même d'Europe, pour demander leur guérison. Et le Frère André d'observer souvent. "C'est étonnant, on me demande souvent des guérisons, mais bien rarement l'humilité et l'esprit de foi. C'est pourtant si important. Si l'âme est malade, il faut commencer par soigner l'âme. Avez-vous la foi? Croyez-vous que le bon Dieu peut faire quelque chose pour vous? Allez vous confesser au prêtre, allez communier, vous reviendrez me voir ensuite."

Les centaines et centaines de béquilles, de cannes, de corsets et d'ex-votos, laissés par les infirmes guéris par l'intercession du bon Frère André, attestèrent longtemps les guérisons physiques obtenues à l'oratoire Saint-Joseph. Mais combien plus d'âmes furent guéries et converties rien qu'à voir et entendre l'humble portier du Mont-Royal?

Puis le 6 janvier 1937, fête de l'Épiphanie, le petit Frère André, usé par les années et un dévouement à toute épreuve, s'éteignait peu après minuit, âgé de 91 ans. Saint Joseph venait chercher son cher dévot, celui qui avait tant travaillé à répandre son culte. Un de ses amis a laissé du Bx Frère André le témoignage suivant: "Il a passé sa vie à parler des autres au bon Dieu et du bon Dieu aux autres."

Puisse l'intercession du Bx Frère André obtenir du bon saint Joseph, le secours nécessaire à la sainte Église afin qu'elle traverse les écueils sans nombre, suscités par la tempête qui la secoue présentement dans sa navigation vers le port céleste.

Revue Magnificat, Janvier 1987, p. 12

Frère ANDRÉ sera canonisé par SS. Benoît XVI, le 17 octobre 2010

Frère André est l'initiateur de l'Oratoire Saint-Joseph. Il est l'âme, le sens, l'inspiration de ce patrimoine qui suscite beaucoup d'enthousiasme chez nous comme de plus en plus à l'étranger. L'histoire continue de s'écrire et nous avons le bonheur d'en être les acteurs et les témoins.

Prière officielle de la canonisation

Prière pour obtenir une faveur spéciale

par l'intercession de saint frère André

Saint frère André, nous célébrons ta présence parmi nous.

Ton amitié envers Jésus, Marie et Joseph fait de toi un intercesseur puissant auprès du Père.

La compassion relie tes paroles au coeur de Dieu, tes prières sont exaucées et apportent réconfort et guérison.

Avec toi, notre bouche s'approche de l'oreille de Dieu

pour lui présenter notre requête...

Qu'il nous soit donné de participer comme toi à l'oeuvre de Dieu

dans un esprit de prière, de compassion et d'humilité.

Saint frère André prie pour nous.

Amen


Statue de Saint Frère André, University of Notre Dame


BESSETTE, ALFRED, dit frère André, frère convers de la Congrégation de Sainte-Croix et figure charismatique, né le 9 août 1845 dans la paroisse de Saint-Grégoire (Mont-Saint-Grégoire, Québec), fils d'Isaac Bessette et de Clothilde Foisy ; décédé le 6 janvier 1937 à l'hôpital Notre-Dame-de-l'Espérance de ville Saint-Laurent, Québec.

Alfred Bessette est le neuvième enfant d'une famille de 13 (dont 4 morts en bas âge). Il est si frêle à sa naissance que le curé le baptise, le lendemain, « sous condition ». À l'automne de 1849, Isaac Bessette vend sa propriété de Saint-Grégoire et achète une terre à neuf milles de là, au sud-est, à Farnham, près de la rivière Yamaska. Le père de famille, pauvre, exerce divers métiers : menuisier, charpentier, tonnelier et charron. Le 20 février 1855, un arbre qu'il abat lui tombe sur la poitrine et le tue. Désormais seule avec ses enfants, Clothilde assure leur éducation chrétienne et leur transmet la dévotion traditionnelle à la sainte Famille de Jésus, Marie et Joseph. Restée sous le choc de la mort de son mari, elle dépérit et meurt de tuberculose le 20 novembre 1857.

Alfred a 12 ans. Il est recueilli par sa tante maternelle Marie-Rosalie et son mari Timothée Nadeau, qui résident à Saint-Césaire. Il suit des leçons de catéchisme, puis reçoit la confirmation de Mgr Jean-Charles Prince, premier évêque de Saint-Hyacinthe, le 7 juin 1858. Sa pauvreté et sa santé fragile expliquent la brièveté de ses études ; il ne saura que signer son nom et lire les caractères imprimés. Pour gagner sa vie, Alfred transporte des matériaux de construction. Quand l'oncle Nadeau, en 1860, part chercher de l'or en Californie, le maire de Saint-Césaire, Louis Ouimet, accueille l'adolescent pour travailler dans la ferme. Alfred exerce ensuite divers métiers à Farnham, à Saint-Jean (Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu), à Waterloo et à Chambly. En 1862, de retour à Saint-Césaire, il est apprenti boulanger et cordonnier. Ces multiples expériences de travail n'améliorent pas son état, lui qui ne digère rien, disent des témoins, mais qui prie toujours. D'ailleurs, depuis sa tendre enfance à Farnham, Alfred a des comportements qui inquiètent son entourage : malgré sa santé fragile, il se prive de dessert et porte à la taille une ceinture en cuir avec des pointes de fer. Ses stations de prière à genoux sont longues, fréquentes et intenses : on le trouve les bras en croix, devant un crucifix, à l'église, dans sa chambre ou dans une grange.

Dans l'espoir d'y trouver un travail adapté à sa constitution, Alfred prend le train pour la Nouvelle-Angleterre en octobre 1863. Des milliers de compatriotes attirés par la prospérité du pays y ont déjà émigré, et parmi eux, des frères, des sœurs et des connaissances d'Alfred. Le jeune homme de 18 ans, qui a peine à supporter le travail en usine, alterne les emplois dans des filatures de coton avec le travail dans des fermes. Il est embauché au Connecticut (Moosup, Putnam, Hartford et Killingly), au Massachusetts (North Easton) et au Rhode Island (Phenix). Réservé de nature, Alfred, épuisé après sa journée de travail, s'enferme dans sa chambre et prie.

Après avoir cherché sans succès pendant quatre ans un emploi qui lui convienne, Bessette revient au Canada en 1867 et s'installe à Sutton, où vivent sa sœur Léocadie et son frère Claude. Il retourne bientôt à Farnham. Le prêtre de l'endroit, Édouard Springer, l'engage pour prendre soin du cheval, du jardin et des gros travaux du presbytère. Quand il change de cure en 1868, Bessette retourne à Saint-Césaire chez Louis Ouimet ; ce dernier, témoin de sa piété, en parle à son curé, André Provençal. Interrogé sur son désir d'entrer en religion, Alfred invoque son ignorance. L'abbé Provençal calme ses réticences en l'assurant qu'il trouvera dans la Congrégation de Sainte-Croix, à laquelle il confie en 1869 la direction d'un collège dans sa paroisse, le climat de prière dont il a besoin, tout en se rendant utile.

Le 22 novembre 1870, Bessette se présente au collège Notre-Dame, à Côte-des-Neiges (Montréal), où la Congrégation de Sainte-Croix vient d'installer son noviciat. Le mois précédent, le curé Provençal a écrit une lettre de recommandation au maître des novices, Julien-Pierre Gastineau, lui disant qu'il envoyait un saint à sa communauté. Le 8 décembre, le pape Pie IX déclare saint Joseph patron de l'Église universelle. Avec un autre postulant, Bessette prend l'habit religieux le 27 décembre, ainsi que le nom d'André, en l'honneur du curé Provençal. On lui confie la fonction de portier du collège, qu'il exercera jusqu'à la mi-juillet 1909. Il doit aussi assurer la propreté des lieux, faire les courses, donner l'aumône aux pauvres. Il fait de plus office de barbier et d'infirmier auprès des collégiens malades, s'occupe du courrier, du transport des colis des élèves, qu'il accompagne parfois les jours de promenade. En 1872, les supérieurs de la congrégation hésitent cependant, en raison de sa mauvaise santé, à l'admettre à la profession religieuse. Après une conversation avec Mgr Ignace Bourget - celui-là même qui a fait venir la congrégation au pays [V. Joseph-Pierre Rézé* ; Jean-Baptiste Saint-Germain] -, l'évêque de Montréal rassure le frère André. Peu après, le nouveau maître des novices, Amédée Guy, le recommande en disant : « Si ce jeune homme devient incapable de travailler, il saura au moins bien prier. » Admis à prononcer ses vœux temporaires le 22 août 1872, le frère André fait sa profession perpétuelle à 28 ans et 6 mois, le 2 février 1874.

Parmi les visiteurs que le frère André accueille au collège se trouvent des personnes qui confient leur maladie à ses prières. D'autres l'invitent à les visiter à la maison. Le religieux prie avec eux ; il leur remet une médaille de saint Joseph, celui à qui il voue une dévotion particulière, quelques gouttes de l'huile d'olive qui brûle devant la statue du saint, dans la chapelle du collège, et leur conseille de s'en frictionner avec confiance. Des personnes, de plus en plus nombreuses, se mettent à déclarer avoir été guéries ou soulagées de cette manière. Le premier récit connu, celui de Désiré-Michel Giraudeau, dit frère Aldéric, qui rapporte sa propre guérison ainsi que celle de plusieurs autres personnes, est publié à Paris en 1878, dans les Annales de l'Association de Saint-Joseph. La réputation de thaumaturge et de sainteté du petit frère - il mesure à peine plus de cinq pieds - se répand de bouche à oreille. La direction du collège finit par s'inquiéter du flot croissant des visiteurs. Des parents, des confrères et même le médecin de l'établissement dénoncent aux autorités religieuses et sanitaires de la ville la présence de malades à proximité des élèves. Certains qualifient le frère de charlatan, de vieux graisseux… Autour de 1900, on demande au frère André de recevoir les malades dans un abri construit en face du collège, à l'arrêt du tramway, pour les parents des élèves. Il amène ses visiteurs prier devant une statue de saint Joseph qu'il a installée dans une niche sur le mont Royal. Le terrain, acquis en 1896 par le collège Notre-Dame, a été nommé parc Saint-Joseph ; la partie du bas sert à la culture et celle du haut fait office de lieu de récréation. Le frère André nourrit le projet d'y ériger une chapelle à saint Joseph. Avec l'appui de ses amis - les vœux de plusieurs d'entre eux ont été exaucés après avoir prié avec lui -, il finit par obtenir l'autorisation de la construire. La direction du collège et l'archevêque de Montréal, Mgr Paul Bruchési, précisent toutefois que les frais engagés seront à la charge des demandeurs. Grâce aux dons offerts spontanément, en argent ou en nature (par exemple des statues, des vases, des vêtements liturgiques, une cloche), le sanctuaire primitif est inauguré le 16 octobre 1904.

De 1905 à 1908, la cérémonie du jeudi de l'Ascension et la procession de septembre marquent l'ouverture et la fermeture de la saison des pèlerinages. Après s'être réunis à plusieurs reprises en 1907, les zélateurs de l'oratoire Saint-Joseph se constituent en comité le 9 septembre 1908, sous le nom de comité de l'oratoire Saint-Joseph de la Côte-des-Neiges. L'afflux des pèlerins est tel qu'on devra augmenter les dimensions de la chapelle à quatre reprises de 1908 à 1912. Chaque fois, la générosité populaire permettra de payer les travaux rubis sur l'ongle. Le comité existe jusqu'à la mi-juillet 1909 ; à partir de ce moment, les autorités du collège Notre-Dame assument l'administration de l'oratoire, dont le frère André devient alors le gardien. Une association pieuse, la confrérie de Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal, est constituée officiellement par Mgr Bruchési le 21 novembre 1909. Des laïques, hommes et femmes, amis du frère André et bienfaiteurs de l'œuvre, en font partie et sont convoqués par le recteur de l'oratoire, le supérieur provincial Georges-Auguste Dion, pour une heure de prière à trois heures de l'après-midi, le troisième dimanche de chaque mois. C'est l'occasion de rendre compte des affaires du sanctuaire : lettres reçues, intentions recommandées, guérisons obtenues, renseignements divers sur le développement et les activités de l'œuvre. À partir de 1910, le frère André a un secrétaire pour répondre au courrier qui lui est adressé.

En 1912, on organise le conseil de l'oratoire Saint-Joseph, formé de trois prêtres et de trois frères de Sainte-Croix, dont le frère André. La revue mensuelle les Annales de Saint-Joseph - destinée à répandre la dévotion à saint Joseph et à faire connaître les œuvres de l'oratoire et les missions de la Congrégation de Sainte-Croix au Bengale, tout en faisant écho aux préoccupations sociales de l'époque - commence à paraître à Montréal la même année. Une édition anglaise verra le jour en 1927. Une équipe de religieux s'emploie à la rédaction des articles et des chroniques ; des auteurs de choix, tels Félix Leclerc*, Guy Mauffette, Alfred DesRochers*, Françoise Gaudet-Smet [Gaudet*], Marie-Antoinette Grégoire-Coupal, apporteront par la suite leur collaboration, ainsi que les illustrateurs Edmond-Joseph Massicotte, Jacques Gagnier* et Gui Laflamme. La revue paraît encore au début du xxie siècle et s'intitule l'Oratoire. De 3 600 en 1912, le tirage sera de 122 000 exemplaires en 1932.

L'affluence au sanctuaire continue d'augmenter. En 1913, sous la pression des laïques et avec l'encouragement de Mgr Bruchési, un projet de basilique, dont les plans sont dessinés par les architectes Alphonse Venne et Dalbé Viau, est mis en branle. L'argent nécessaire pour financer la construction de la crypte, soit 80 000 $, est déjà amassé grâce aux dons des fidèles. Les travaux commencent donc dès 1914 et l'inauguration de la crypte - première étape du projet - a lieu le 16 décembre 1917. En moins d'un an, le sanctuaire, qui peut accueillir 1 000 personnes assises, se révèle cependant trop petit. Le nombre de visiteurs s'accroît encore au cours des années 1920, pendant lesquelles le sanctuaire devient, selon la volonté de l'archevêque et de son coadjuteur, Mgr Georges Gauthier, le cœur des activités religieuses de l'archidiocèse. Des associations de toutes sortes - mouvements sociaux, syndicats catholiques, congrégations - prennent l'habitude d'y faire des pèlerinages et des rassemblements qui attirent des milliers de personnes. Dans les paroisses et les établissements d'enseignement, on organise des visites annuelles à l'oratoire.

Les visiteurs ne viennent plus seulement de la province de Québec, mais aussi de l'Ontario, du Nouveau-Brunswick, de l'Ouest canadien, et des États-Unis. Le frère André les reçoit chaque jour de neuf heures du matin à cinq heures de l'après-midi. Le soir, des amis le conduisent en auto chez des malades qui ne peuvent se déplacer. Une seule personne ne suffit plus pour répondre aux quelque 200 à 300 lettres qu'il reçoit quotidiennement ; on met en place un secrétariat. En 1920, le frère André institue la tenue, chaque vendredi soir à huit heures, d'une heure sainte à la crypte, bientôt suivie d'un chemin de la croix ; ces soirées de prière attirent des centaines de fidèles. L'idée de réparation que proposent les autorités religieuses pour contrer la menace du socialisme et du communisme, ainsi que les guerres en Europe, donne lieu à diverses initiatives laïques. À compter de 1926, par exemple, Édouard-L.-H. Barsalo organise un pèlerinage à pied pour assister à la première messe de chaque année à l'oratoire ; des centaines, puis des milliers de personnes répondent à l'appel.

Dès 1915, les supérieurs du frère André lui permettent de prendre un peu de repos deux fois par année ; il en profite pour aller visiter des parents et des amis à Sutton, à Saint-Césaire et à Québec, mais également aux États-Unis (surtout en Nouvelle-Angleterre) et en Ontario (Toronto, Sudbury et Ottawa). Sa réputation de saint et de thaumaturge le précède. Les chefs de gare annoncent sa venue et les gens se pressent à sa descente du train, à la porte des hôtels ou des presbytères où il est hébergé. C'est chaque fois l'occasion de guérisons que relatent les journaux locaux. Il revient toujours avec les offrandes données en reconnaissance des faveurs obtenues. La population réclame de plus en plus la poursuite du projet de basilique ; en 1927, Mgr Georges Gauthier autorise une souscription pour recueillir la somme nécessaire. En attendant, on continue d'aménager le terrain et d'y construire des chemins et des aires de stationnement, d'y ériger des lieux de services.

Les merveilles qui s'accomplissent à l'oratoire Saint-Joseph suscitent l'intérêt des journaux, surtout anglophones. En 1922, George Henry Ham, lobbyiste pour la Compagnie du chemin de fer canadien du Pacifique, publie dans le magazine Maclean's, de Toronto, un reportage qu'il a rédigé après avoir visité le religieux et rencontré des personnes qu'il aurait guéries. Le texte suscite un tel intérêt qu'il donne immédiatement lieu à la parution, à Toronto, de la première biographie du frère André, The miracle man of Montreal, aussitôt traduite par Raoul Clouthier et publiée à Montréal sous le titre le Thaumaturge de Montréal. La même année, Arthur Saint-Pierre* reçoit le mandat d'écrire l'histoire du sanctuaire ; l'Oratoire Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal, paru à Montréal, connaîtra plusieurs rééditions.

Après avoir montré beaucoup de réticence au sujet de son projet, les supérieurs du frère André ont fini par se laisser gagner par la sincérité, la simplicité et la conviction de celui qui, pour étayer sa cause, ne s'est réclamé d'aucun miracle ni d'aucune vision, mais seulement de sa dévotion à saint Joseph. À cette ferveur particulière s'ajoutaient l'amour de Dieu, la fréquentation de l'Évangile, ainsi qu'un culte à la sainte Famille et au Sacré-Cœur. À ses amis intimes, il racontait la Passion avec une telle émotion qu'ils en étaient remués et transformés. Avec eux, il priait et faisait le chemin de la croix. À tous, il demandait de prier. Parmi ceux qui l'ont accompagné assidûment figurent Jules-Aimé Maucotel, qu'il appelait son conseiller, et qui a activement collaboré à l'organisation des cérémonies, Azarias Claude, riche commerçant qui est devenu son bras droit et son chauffeur, Joseph-Olivier Pichette qui, après avoir été condamné par son médecin à une mort prochaine à l'âge de 25 ans, attribuait sa guérison aux longues prières avec le thaumaturge.

Plusieurs années avant sa mort, le frère André était déjà la figure emblématique de l'oratoire Saint-Joseph. Son charisme, sa figure souriante - toute ridée et respirant la bonté -, son humour simple savaient gagner les plus indifférents. Il faisait preuve de discernement auprès de ses visiteurs, mais aussi d'une charité sans bornes : il accueillait tous ceux qui se présentaient, sans égard à leur condition sociale ni à leur religion. Même s'il aimait rire, il avait des moments d'impatience, surtout quand on lui attribuait le mérite des faveurs obtenues : « n'est pas moi qui guéris. C'est saint Joseph, disait-il alors en pleurant.

Alfred Bessette est mort le 6 janvier 1937. Son corps a été exposé à l'oratoire - auquel on a permis l'accès jour et nuit - jusqu'au 12 janvier. Un premier service funèbre a eu lieu à la cathédrale de Montréal, puis un deuxième à l'oratoire Saint-Joseph. Plus de un million de personnes sont venues de partout pour lui rendre hommage, pour le pleurer et pour prier auprès de lui. Le frère André a été déclaré bienheureux le 23 mai 1982 par le pape Jean-Paul II.

Denise Robillard

La bibliographie la plus complète sur le frère André se trouve dans Étienne Catta, le Frère André (1845-1937) et l'oratoire Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal (Montréal et Paris, 1965). Dans Denise Robillard, les Merveilles de l'oratoire : l'histoire de l'oratoire Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal, 1904-2004 (Montréal, à paraître), nous la mettons à jour en y ajoutant des titres parus pendant les 40 dernières années. Pour des renseignements supplémentaires, le lecteur consultera la biographie la plus récente du frère André : Laurent Boucher, Brother André : the miracle man of Mount Royal (Montréal, 1997). Arch. nationales du Québec, à Montréal, CE604-S11, 10 août 1845.- Le Devoir (Montréal), 7 janv. 1937.

© 2000 University of Toronto/Université Laval

SOURCE : http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-f.php?BioId=42128

Stinson Remick Chapel, Campus of the University of Notre Dame


Saint André Bessette

Frère convers canadien ( 1937)

Alfred Bessette, frère André, C.S.C., béatifié par le pape Jean-Paul II (lien en anglais) à Rome le 23 mai 1982. Canonisé le 17 octobre 2010 - Homélie de Benoît XVI - en italien

Le 17 octobre 2010, dans son homélie, évoquant le frère André Bessette, religieux du Québec, le Saint-Père a rappelé que "portier du collège Notre-Dame à Montréal, il manifesta une charité sans bornes et s'efforça de soulager les détresses de ceux qui venaient se confier à lui... Il y fut le témoin d'innombrables guérisons et conversions... Pour lui, tout parlait de Dieu et de sa présence. Puissions-nous, à sa suite, rechercher Dieu avec simplicité pour le découvrir toujours présent au cœur de notre vie!". (source: VIS 20101018 800)

En conclusion de la messe de canonisation, Benoît XVI a encouragé les francophones à marcher à la suite de saint André Bessette, pour accomplir dans leur vie la volonté de Dieu, librement et par amour, et à déborder de charité envers nos frères et sœurs qui sont en détresse. (source: VIS 20101018 240)

Voir le site internet de l'Oratoire saint Joseph du Mont-Royal qu'il fonda au Canada.

- Chronique des saints: André Bessette, vidéo sur la WebTV de la CEF

"Le Frère André a vécu dans une grande humilité. Guidé par une foi profonde et sa dévotion envers saint Joseph, il a consacré sa vie à la prière, au service des pauvres, à l'accueil des étrangers, guérissant les malades et réconfortant ceux qui souffraient. Aujourd'hui encore, son souvenir demeure un témoignage important de foi et d'amour pour tous les Canadiens." ... "Puisse la canonisation du Frère André représenter un moment de joie pour tout le pays. Puisse son héritage nous rappeler ce que chacun de nous peut réaliser au moyen de la foi et de l'amour. Selon ses propres mots, 'c'est avec les plus petits pinceaux que les artistes peignent les plus beaux tableaux'"

Déclaration de Mgr Pierre Morissette, président de la conférence des évêques catholiques du Canada, à l'occasion de la canonisation du frère André.

Saint Frère André (Alfred Bessette) (1845-1937), témoin de la tendresse de Dieu, religieux de la Congrégation de Sainte-Croix, bâtisseur de l'Oratoire Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal, Montréal, béatifié le 23 mai 1982, canonisé le 17 octobre 2010. (diocèse d'Edmundston)

Un internaute nous communique: "Un jour une protestante vint le voir pour lui dire des injures. En sortant elle parlait encore contre lui, mais, les gens qui attendaient pour voir le frère André lui firent remarquer quelle tenait maintenant ses béquilles dans ses mains au lieu de se soutenir avec comme en entrant..."

Un internaute nous communique cet extrait de l'homélie de Benoît XVI lors de la canonisation du frère André: "Frère André Bessette, originaire du Québec, au Canada, et religieux de la Congrégation de la Sainte-Croix, connut très tôt la souffrance et la pauvreté. Elles l'ont conduit à recourir à Dieu par la prière et une vie intérieure intense. Portier du collège Notre Dame à Montréal, il manifesta une charité sans bornes et s'efforça de soulager les détresses de ceux qui venaient se confier à lui. Très peu instruit, il a pourtant compris où se situait l'essentiel de sa foi. Pour lui, croire signifie se soumettre librement et par amour à la volonté divine. Tout habité par le mystère de Jésus, il a vécu la béatitude des cœurs purs, celle de la rectitude personnelle. C'est grâce à cette simplicité qu'il a permis à beaucoup de voir Dieu. Il fit construire l'Oratoire Saint Joseph du Mont Royal dont il demeura le gardien fidèle jusqu'à sa mort en 1937. Il y fut le témoin d'innombrables guérisons et conversions. «Ne cherchez pas à vous faire enlever les épreuves» disait-il, «demandez plutôt la grâce de bien les supporter». Pour lui, tout parlait de Dieu et de sa présence. Puissions-nous, à sa suite, rechercher Dieu avec simplicité pour le découvrir toujours présent au cœur de notre vie! Puisse l'exemple du Frère André inspirer la vie chrétienne canadienne!"
Sa fête liturgique est fixée au 7 janvier depuis 2012.

Au martyrologe romain le 6 janvier: André (Alfred Bessette), religieux de la Congrégation de la Sainte-Croix, qui s'employa à construire à Montréal au Québec un célèbre sanctuaire en l'honneur de saint Joseph.

Martyrologe romain

SOURCE : https://nominis.cef.fr/contenus/saint/378/Saint-Andre-Bessette.html

Portrait photographique du Frère André, 1912, Laprés et Lavergne, British Library  


CHAPELLE PAPALE

POUR LA CANONISATION DES BIENHEUREUX:

STANISŁAW KAZIMIERCZYK SOŁTYS (1433 - 1489)

ANDRÉ (Alfred) BESSETTE (1845 - 1937)

CÁNDIDA MARÍA DE JESÚS (Juana Josefa) CIPITRIA y BARRIOLA (1845 - 1912)

MARY OF THE CROSS (Mary Helen) MacKILLOP (1842 - 1909)

GIULIA SALZANO (1846 - 1929)

BATTISTA CAMILLA DA VARANO (1458 - 1524)


HOMÉLIE DU PAPE BENOÎT XVI

Place Saint-Pierre

Dimanche 17 octobre 2010


Chers frères et sœurs,

Aujourd'hui, place Saint-Pierre, se renouvelle la fête de la sainteté. C'est avec joie que je vous souhaite cordialement la bienvenue, à vous qui êtes arrivés ici, même de très loin, pour y prendre part. J'adresse mes salutations particulières aux Cardinaux, aux Evêques et aux Supérieurs généraux des Instituts fondés par les nouveaux saints, tout comme aux délégations officielles et à l'ensemble des autorités civiles. Ensemble, cherchons à accueillir ce que le Seigneur nous dit dans les Saintes Ecritures qui viennent d'être proclamées. La liturgie de ce Dimanche nous offre un enseignement fondamental: la nécessité de toujours prier, sans jamais se lasser. Parfois, nous nous lassons de prier, nous avons l'impression que la prière n'est pas si utile à la vie, qu'elle est peu efficace. C'est pourquoi, nous sommes tentés de nous consacrer à l'activité, d'employer tous les moyens humains afin d'atteindre nos objectifs, et nous n’avons pas recours à Dieu. Jésus, en revanche, affirme qu'il faut toujours prier et Il le fait à travers une parabole particulière (cf. Lc 18, 1-8).

Elle parle d'un juge qui ne craint pas Dieu et n'a de considération pour personne, un juge qui n'a aucune attitude positive, mais qui recherche seulement son propre intérêt. Il ne craint pas le jugement de Dieu et ne respecte pas son prochain. L'autre personnage est une veuve, une personne qui se trouve en situation de faiblesse. Dans la Bible, la veuve et l'orphelin sont les catégories les plus nécessiteuses, parce que sans défense et privées de moyens. La veuve va voir le juge et lui demande justice. Ses possibilités d'être écoutée sont presque nulles, parce que le juge la méprise et elle ne peut faire aucune pression sur lui. Elle ne peut pas non plus faire appel à des principes religieux parce que le juge ne craint pas Dieu. Cette veuve semble donc privée de toute possibilité. Mais elle insiste, elle demande sans se lasser. Elle est importune et ainsi, à la fin, elle réussit à obtenir le résultat du juge. C'est à ce moment-là que Jésus fait une réflexion en utilisant l'argument a fortiori: si un juge inique se laisse, à la fin, convaincre par la prière d'une veuve, Dieu, qui est bon, exaucera d'autant plus celui qui le prie. Dieu, en effet, est la générosité en personne, Il est miséricordieux et Il est donc toujours disposé à écouter les prières. Donc, nous ne devons jamais désespérer, mais persévérer toujours dans la prière.

La conclusion du passage évangélique parle de la foi: «le Fils de l'homme, quand il viendra, trouvera-t-il la foi sur la terre?» (Lc 18, 8). C'est une question qui veut susciter en nous une croissance de la foi. Il est en effet clair que la prière doit être une expression de foi, autrement il ne s'agit pas d'une authentique prière. Si un homme ne croit pas en la bonté de Dieu, il ne peut pas prier de manière vraiment adaptée. La foi est essentielle comme fondement de l'attitude de la prière. C'est ce qu'ont fait les six nouveaux saints qui sont aujourd'hui proposés à la vénération de l'Eglise universelle: Stanisław Sołtys, André Bessette, Cándida María de Jesús Cipitria y Barriola, Mary of the Cross MacKillop, Giulia Salzano et Battista Camilla Da Varano.

Saint Stanisław Kazimierczyk, religieux du XVe siècle, peut être pour nous aussi un exemple et un intercesseur. Toute sa vie est liée à l'Eucharistie. Tout d'abord dans l'église du Corpus Domini de Kazimierz, dans l'actuelle Cracovie, où, aux côtés de sa mère et de son père, il apprit la foi et la piété; où il prononça ses vœux religieux chez les Chanoines Réguliers; où il travailla comme prêtre et éducateur, attentif au soin des nécessiteux. Il était cependant particulièrement lié à l'Eucharistie à travers l'amour ardent pour le Christ présent sous les espèces du pain et du vin; en vivant le mystère de la mort et de la résurrection, qui, sans effusion de sang, s'accomplit durant la Sainte Messe; à travers la pratique de l'amour du prochain, dont la Communion est la source et le signe.

Frère André Bessette, originaire du Québec, au Canada, et religieux de la Congrégation de la Sainte-Croix, connut très tôt la souffrance et la pauvreté. Elles l'ont conduit à recourir à Dieu par la prière et une vie intérieure intense. Portier du collège Notre Dame à Montréal, il manifesta une charité sans bornes et s'efforça de soulager les détresses de ceux qui venaient se confier à lui. Très peu instruit, il a pourtant compris où se situait l'essentiel de sa foi. Pour lui, croire signifie se soumettre librement et par amour à la volonté divine. Tout habité par le mystère de Jésus, il a vécu la béatitude des cœurs purs, celle de la rectitude personnelle. C'est grâce à cette simplicité qu'il a permis à beaucoup de voir Dieu. Il fit construire l'Oratoire Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal dont il demeura le gardien fidèle jusqu'à sa mort en 1937. Il y fut le témoin d'innombrables guérisons et conversions. «Ne cherchez pas à vous faire enlever les épreuves» disait-il, «demandez plutôt la grâce de bien les supporter». Pour lui, tout parlait de Dieu et de sa présence. Puissions-nous, à sa suite, rechercher Dieu avec simplicité pour le découvrir toujours présent au cœur de notre vie! Puisse l'exemple du Frère André inspirer la vie chrétienne canadienne!

Lorsque le Fils de l'Homme viendra pour rendre justice aux élus, trouvera-t-il la foi sur la terre? (cf. Lc 18, 8). Aujourd'hui nous pouvons dire que oui, avec soulagement et fermeté, en contemplant des figures comme celles de Mère Cándida Maria de Jesús Cipitria y Barriola. Cette jeune fille d'origine modeste, avec un cœur dans lequel Dieu mit son sceau et qui, très rapidement, la conduisit, grâce à l'aide de ses directeurs spirituels jésuites, à prendre la ferme résolution de vivre «uniquement pour Dieu». Une décision qu'elle maintiendra fidèlement, comme elle s'en souviendra elle-même lorsqu'elle sera sur le point de mourir. Elle vécut pour Dieu et pour ce qu'Il désire le plus: parvenir à tous, apporter à tous l'espérance qui ne vacille pas, tout spécialement à ceux qui en ont le plus besoin. «Là où il n'y a pas de place pour les pauvres, il n'y en a pas non plus pour moi» disait la nouvelle sainte qui, avec des ressources limitées, réussit à entraîner d’autres Sœurs à suivre Jésus et à se consacrer à l'éducation et à la promotion de la femme. C'est ainsi que naquirent les Filles de Jésus, qui trouvent aujourd'hui en leur fondatrice un modèle de vie très élevé à imiter, et une mission passionnante à poursuivre dans les nombreux pays où sont arrivés l'esprit et le désir ardent d'apostolat de Mère Cándida.

«Souviens-toi de ceux qui étaient tes enseignants — c'est à partir d'eux que tu peux apprendre la sagesse qui conduit au salut à travers la foi au Christ Jésus». Pendant de nombreuses années, d'innombrables jeunes, dans toute l'Australie, ont été bénis par des enseignants qui étaient inspirés par le courageux et saint exemple de zèle, de persévérance et de prière de Mère Mary MacKillop. Elle se consacra comme jeune femme à l'éducation des pauvres sur le terrain difficile et exigeant de l'Australie rurale, inspirant d'autres femmes à la rejoindre dans ce qui fut la première communauté de religieuses du pays. Elle pourvut aux besoins de chaque jeune qui lui était confié, sans considérer ni sa condition, ni sa richesse, lui fournissant une formation aussi bien intellectuelle que spirituelle. Malgré de nombreux défis, ses prières à saint Joseph et son inépuisable dévotion au Sacré-Cœur de Jésus, auquel elle dédia sa nouvelle congrégation, ont donné à cette sainte femme les grâces nécessaires pour rester fidèle à Dieu et à l'Eglise. Par son intercession, que les disciples d'aujourd'hui continuent à servir Dieu et l'Eglise avec foi et humilité!

Dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, en Campanie, dans le sud de l'Italie, le Seigneur appela une jeune institutrice, Giulia Salzano, et en fit une apôtre de l'éducation chrétienne, fondatrice de la Congrégation des Sœurs catéchistes du Sacré-Cœur de Jésus. Mère Giulia comprit bien l'importance de la catéchèse dans l'Eglise et, en unissant la préparation pédagogique à la ferveur spirituelle, elle se consacra à celle-ci avec générosité et intelligence, contribuant ainsi à la formation de personnes de tous les âges et de tous les milieux sociaux. Elle répétait à ses consœurs qu'elle désirait faire le catéchisme jusqu'à la dernière heure de sa vie, démontrant de tout son être que si «Dieu nous a créés pour Le connaître, L'aimer et Le servir en cette vie», il ne fallait rien placer avant cette mission. Que l'exemple et l'intercession de sainte Giulia Sarzano soutiennent l'Eglise dans son éternelle mission d'annoncer le Christ et de former d'authentiques consciences chrétiennes.

Sainte Battista Camilla Varano, moniale clarisse du XVe siècle, témoigna jusqu'au bout le sens évangélique de la vie, spécialement en persévérant dans la prière. Entrée à 23 ans au monastère d'Urbin, elle s'inséra en personne dans ce vaste mouvement de réforme de la spiritualité féminine franciscaine qui entendait pleinement récupérer le charisme de sainte Claire d'Assise. Elle promut de nouvelles fondations monastiques à Camerino, où elle fut plusieurs fois élue abbesse, à Fermo et à San Severino. La vie de sainte Battista, totalement immergée dans les profondeurs divines, fut une ascension constante sur la voie de la perfection, avec un amour héroïque envers Dieu et le prochain. Elle fut marquée par de grandes souffrances et des consolations mystiques. Elle avait en effet décidé, comme elle l'écrit elle-même, d'«entrer dans le Très Saint Cœur de Jésus et de se noyer dans l'océan de ses très dures souffrances». A une époque où l'Eglise souffrait d'un relâchement des mœurs, elle parcourut de manière décidée la voie de la pénitence et de la prière, animée par l'ardent désir de renouvellement du Corps mystique du Christ.

Chers frères et sœurs, rendons grâce au Seigneur pour le don de la sainteté, qui resplendit dans l'Eglise et transparaît aujourd'hui sur le visage de ces frères et sœurs. Jésus invite aussi chacun d'entre nous à le suivre pour avoir en héritage la Vie éternelle. Laissons-nous attirer par ces exemples lumineux, laissons-nous conduire par leurs enseignements, afin que notre existence soit un cantique de louange à Dieu. Que la Vierge Marie et l'intercession des six nouveaux saints que nous vénérons aujourd'hui avec joie, obtiennent cette grâce pour nous. Amen.

© Copyright 2010 - Libreria Editrice Vaticana

SOURCE : http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/homilies/2010/documents/hf_ben-xvi_hom_20101017_canonizations_fr.html


Statue de Saint Frère André, près de la chapelle du Frère André, Oratoire Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal


Saint André

Saint André, né Alfred Bessette, guérisseur spirituel, conseiller religieux (Saint-Grégoire-d'Iberville, Canada-Est, 9 août 1845 - Montréal, 6 janv. 1937). Bien qu'il soit analphabète, petit de taille, peu éloquent et qu'il ait toujours rempli les tâches les plus modestes au sein de la Congrégation de Sainte-Croix (CSC), Alfred Bessette, qui adopte le nom de frère André en 1870, devient le personnage religieux le plus populaire du XXe siècle au Québec.

Des dizaines de milliers de personnes attribuent leur guérison miraculeuse à l'intervention du frère André et de son patron, saint Joseph, l'époux de la Vierge Marie. Alors que son œuvre scandalise de nombreux prêtres, médecins et catholiques distingués, ses admirateurs, dont bon nombre sont de familles ouvrières, l'aident dès 1904 à construire un petit oratoire en l'honneur de saint Joseph sur le versant du mont Royal. Quelques années plus tard, les autorités ecclésiastiques s'engagent dans la construction d'une basilique (1924-1955), qui demeure à ce jour le point d'intérêt le plus imposant de Montréal. L'Église y organise plusieurs pèlerinages et l'oratoire devient le centre liturgique du mouvement ouvrier catholique du Québec. Seul lieu de pèlerinage urbain d'importance au Canada, l'oratoire reçoit encore un demi-million de visiteurs par année.

La préoccupation première du frère André, en dépit de sa réputation de guérisseur spirituel, est de promouvoir le culte du Christ souffrant sous le patronage de saint Joseph. Affligé toute sa vie d'une mauvaise santé, le frère André encourage ses disciples les plus proches à accepter leurs souffrances plutôt que de chercher la guérison, étant donné que souffrir rapproche de Jésus sur la croix. Il est déclaré vénérable en 1978 et officiellement béatifié le 23 mai 1982.

Le 19 décembre 2009, le pape Benoit XVI promulgue le décret approuvant le second miracle à l'intercession du frère André. Et le 17 octobre 2010, le frère André est canonisé, devenant ainsi le premier saint à être né au Canada.

Avant qu'une telle reconnaissance puisse être accordée, le Vatican doit accepter la possibilité qu'une personne soit responsable, à titre posthume, de deux miracles. Le premier miracle attribué au frère André est celui concernant l'homme d'affaires newyorkais Joseph Audino, survenu en 1958, qui déclare avoir été guéri d'un cancer en phase terminale après avoir demandé les conseils spirituels du frère André. Le deuxième miracle met en cause un jeune garçon de Québec qui, en 1999, a été heurté par une voiture alors qu'il se promenait à bicyclette. Malgré de graves blessures à la tête, le garçon s'en est sorti. La famille de la jeune victime affirme avoir prié le frère André.

Le 19 octobre 2009, le Pape Benoît XVI accepta le second miracle comme résultant d’une intercession de frère André. Le 17 octobre 2010, André était canonisé et devenait ainsi le premier saint catholique né au Canada. Le Pape Benoît déclara : « Il a fait preuve d’une charité infinie et a fait tout ce qu’il était possible de faire pour soulager le désespoir de ceux qui se sont confiés à lui ».

André repose dans une tombe de la crypte de l’oratoire. 

Bibliographie

Henri-Paul Bergeron, Brother André, Apostle of Saint Joseph (1958);
 
Jean-Guy Dubuc, Brother André: Friend of the Suffering, Apostle of Saint Joseph (2010).

Auteur TOM FAULKNER

L'Encyclopédie canadienne © 2013 Fondation Historica du Canada

SOURCE : http://encyclopediecanadienne.ca/PrinterFriendly.cfm?Params=F1ARTF0000205



LA VÉRITABLE MISSION DU FRÈRE ANDRÉ

MONTRÉAL. 1889. Un homme, un bossu, franchit le seuil du collège Notre-Dame, des Pères de Sainte-Croix. Le frère portier est là, à quatre pattes, lavant le plancher : « Frère André, enlevez-moi ma bosse ! » - « Je ne fais pas de miracle !... une bosse, c'est pas difficile à partir, vous pouvez bien la faire partir vous-même. » Mais le frère touche la bosse, et l'homme est guéri (Étienne Catta, “ Le Frère André ”, p. 215). Voilà près de dix ans que des malades viennent ainsi de temps en temps frapper à la porte du collège pour demander au frère portier et obtenir de lui leur guérison.

7 janvier 1937. Les journaux d'Amérique du Nord informent leurs lecteurs de la mort du Frère André, survenue la veille à minuit cinquante à l'hôpital de Ville-Saint-Laurent. Durant douze jours, plus d'un million de personnes, à raison de cent dix par minute, viendront rendre un dernier hommage à la dépouille mortelle. Les confessionnaux sont assaillis, des miracles se produisent.

1889-1937, entre ces deux dates prend place la vie de l'humble frère convers devenu fondateur du plus grand sanctuaire mondial bâti en l'honneur de saint Joseph. Les procès canoniques ouverts presque aussitôt après sa mort ont permis de recueillir une quantité impressionnante de témoignages précis. De nombreux articles et biographies ont été écrits ensuite, (...) mais la conclusion de ces études est décevante. Certains, les “ anciens ”, réduisent presque le rôle du Frère André à la fondation de l'Oratoire. Les “ modernes ”, eux, ne font du Frère André qu'un brave homme. (...) Pour ces auteurs, nous sommes en présence d'un phénomène de religion populaire que seule la sociologie est apte à expliquer.

Nous voudrions ici montrer, avec les “ anciens ”, contre les “ modernes ”, la sainteté du Frère André. Mais, avec les “ modernes ”, nous donnerons à son oeuvre une dimension sociale. Libres de tous préjugés, nous pourrons embrasser le “ phénomène Frère André ” dans sa totalité et le voir s'intégrer parfaitement dans notre Histoire sainte du Canada. Si la sainteté du Frère André n'est pas mise en doute, il faut encore en mesurer la grandeur et la portée et se dire qu'elle est antérieure, et de beaucoup, à la “ vie publique ” du thaumaturge. Quand les premiers malades viennent au collège, il est âgé déjà de trente-neuf ans. Quand l'affluence se fait importante, il a quarante-cinq ans, et c'est à près de soixante ans qu'il s'installe à l'Oratoire, sur “ la montagne ”.

ENFANCE PAUVRE, PIEUSE, HEUREUSE

Alfred Bessette, notre futur Frère André, voit le jour le 9 août 1845, au pied du mont Saint-Grégoire, non loin de Montréal. Il est le huitième enfant d'une bonne famille chrétienne d'artisans pauvres, si pauvres que quatre ans plus tard, avec deux enfants de plus à nourrir, elle déménage à Farnham où le bûcheronnage est censé être d'un meilleur rapport que la menuiserie.

Passons sur les dix premières années, paisibles, vertueuses déjà et non moins austères. C'est en 1865 que le Bon Dieu « va frapper un grand coup, et quel coup » ! Le père d'Alfred, Isaac Bessette, meurt écrasé par un arbre sous les yeux de son aîné qui vient d'avoir dix-huit ans. On ne peut imaginer le dramatique de la situation. Or, un dimanche suivant, le curé lit en chaire le dernier mandement épiscopal de Mgr Bourget, consacré à la dévotion à saint Joseph. Madame Bessette s'applique dès lors à en suivre les recommandations. Conformément à l'enseignement du saint évêque, elle y trouve aussitôt une réelle consolation. Son fils témoignera qu'il ne l'a jamais vue, étant petit, autrement qu'avec un sourire, « et que c'était donc un beau sourire ! »

Le petit Alfred est certainement le préféré de sa mère. Plus chétif que les autres enfants, il est aussi plus affectueux et plus pieux. Aussi le coup est-il plus rude pour lui lorsque la maman est ravie à l'affection des siens, trois ans après son époux. « J'ai rarement prié pour ma mère, mais je l'ai bien souvent priée. » Elle avait eu le temps de lui transmettre sa dévotion à saint Joseph.

ADOLESCENCE PAUVRE, PIEUSE, MALHEUREUSE

Recueilli par une tante de Saint-Césaire, Alfred est un bon enfant qui ne cause aucun trouble. Trop pauvre, il ne va pas à l'école, mais « il marche au catéchisme ». Monsieur le curé remarque cette belle âme qui pose souvent des questions sur le Ciel et veut connaître « la prière qui fait le plus plaisir au Bon Dieu ». Frère André sera toujours avare de confidences sur cette période de sa vie, où il fut à l'école de la souffrance, de la pauvreté, de la solitude. On sait que les maux d'estomac qui seront son lot jusqu'à la mort commencent alors à le tenailler.

À vues humaines, il a tout pour s'aigrir, et peut-être même mal tourner. Surtout qu'à dix-huit ans il part aux États pour trouver du travail. Mais il demeure bon garçon, étant déjà sans le savoir de la famille des âmes d'oraison. Au témoignage autorisé du curé de la paroisse s'en ajoutent d'autres, peut-être rares mais très précis. On l'a surpris quelquefois à genoux les bras en croix dans un coin de l'étable devant un crucifix. Un camarade s'aperçoit un soir qu'il porte une corde serrée sur les reins. Plus tard, sa tante découvre une chemise tachée de sang : une chaîne a remplacé la corde. Apprenti cordonnier, il se confectionne une ceinture armée de “ broquettes ”, c'est-à-dire de petits clous. Et avec cela, malgré une mauvaise santé, il se montre toujours serviable, dur à la tâche.

Le climat des manufactures de la Nouvelle-Angleterre ne pouvait que lui être pénible. Il n'y tient pas et revient au pays à vingt-deux ans. Il travaille à droite et à gauche avant d'être recueilli par un oncle à Saint-Césaire. Le curé de cette paroisse, l'abbé André Provençal, est un prêtre remarquable. Vingt années d'un inlassable labeur ont permis à ce disciple de Mgr Bourget de faire de sa paroisse une véritable chrétienté. Alfred passe tous ses temps libres dans la magnifique église. Il y reçoit de grandes grâces sur lesquelles il est malheureusement resté discret. Mais, comme l'écrit le chanoine Catta, ne fallait-il pas « le silence chez le serviteur d'un saint en qui tout est silence » ? Un beau jour, les paroissiens observent un changement notable chez ce jeune homme timide. Il n'hésite pas en effet à les aborder “ à temps et à contre-temps ” pour les inviter à prier davantage saint Joseph. De cet apostolat, le jeune Bessette ne retire apparemment que mépris puisqu'on le surnomme “ le fou ”. Autre pourtant est le jugement du pieux curé qui constate quotidiennement la vertu du jeune homme, en particulier son égalité d'humeur et sa mortification. Cette dernière est telle qu'il croit de son devoir un jour d'y mettre fin par un intraitable : « T'as pas l' droit ».

L'abbé Provençal ne tarde pas à reconnaître qu'Alfred Bessette a la vocation. Son choix se porte sur la congrégation de Sainte-Croix, nouvellement installée à Montréal. Cette congrégation enseignante admet aussi des frères convers ; les deux dévotions principales y sont la Croix et saint Joseph qui sont précisément les attirances privilégiées de l'âme du jeune homme. Néanmoins, sa mauvaise santé et son manque quasi total d'instruction pourraient être de sérieux obstacles pour son admission, sans la recommandation d'un prêtre si éminent : « Je vous envoie un saint. » Alfred Bessette entre donc au noviciat le 22 novembre 1870 et reçoit, à sa prise d'habit, le nom de Frère André, en l'honneur de son protecteur.

UN JEUNE RELIGIEUX EXEMPLAIRE

Le jeune religieux est un excellent novice, docile en tout. Il redouble d'efforts et de dévouement pour faire oublier sa mauvaise santé et éviter d'être renvoyé. Le père-maître n'a rien à lui reprocher, mais les supérieurs redoutent qu'il devienne bientôt un poids pour la jeune communauté qui n'a que faire de religieux malades. Le conseil le refuse donc aux vœux, le 8 janvier 1872. Lourde épreuve.

À peine a-t-il le temps de rencontrer ses supérieurs que se déclare une foudroyante épidémie de variole. Le petit frère suggère que l'on fasse une procession avec la statue de saint Joseph. Le supérieur acquiesce, lui-même étant fort dévot de saint Joseph. Deux jours après, l'épidémie est vaincue ! Mais nul n'en sait gré au novice, qui n'aurait plus qu'à partir sans la visite que fait alors Mgr Bourget à la communauté. Le saint évêque accorde un entretien au Frère André qui lui ouvre son âme et reçoit en échange la promesse que la communauté le gardera. Et de fait le conseil revient quelques jours plus tard sur sa décision. « Si ce jeune homme devient incapable de travailler, il saura au moins très bien prier », conclut le père-maître.

Le début de l'année 1872 est riche en épreuves, mais aussi en grâces. L'on doit à la vérité historique d'insister sur les entretiens du jeune profès avec l'un des premiers compagnons du fondateur de la Congrégation : le Père Hupier. Ce dernier vient de France et s'en va à Memramcook au Nouveau-Brunswick, “ le bout du monde ”, « victime » du nouveau Supérieur Général, le Père Sorin qui a obtenu également, à force d'intrigues, l'évincement du fondateur, le Père Basile Moreau. Le Père Hupier, qui eut longtemps la charge des frères convers, est un modèle de pénitence, de douceur, de charité. Il comprend aussitôt l'âme du Frère André et lui donne de précieux avis que le jeune religieux n'oubliera jamais. Il le rassure sur sa vie spirituelle, et l'engage à se donner totalement, principalement à être toujours et en tout absolument soumis “ à la sainte et tout aimable volonté de Dieu ”.

Le 22 août 1872, Frère André prononce ses premiers voeux, avec un vif sentiment de gratitude envers sa congrégation. Le Père Hupier, quant à lui, s'est rendu à Memramcook. Il y meurt le 4 juillet 1873. Sa réputation de sainteté est telle que la population vole à la communauté sa dépouille mortelle qui allait être inhumée à Montréal. Une nuit suivante, le Frère André a un songe. Le Père Hupier se tient devant lui comme pour reprendre la direction spirituelle de l'année précédente. Le Frère lui demande : « Quelle prière pourrais-je faire qui soit la plus agréable au Bon Dieu ? » Le Père Hupier commence alors à réciter le Notre Père. Quand il arrive à la demande « Que votre volonté soit faite », il la répète trois fois, puis le songe s'évanouit. Mais le frère a compris « qu'il aurait à surmonter beaucoup d'épreuves ».

Le Frère André fait ses voeux perpétuels le 2 février 1874, à vingt-neuf ans. Il est alors désigné comme portier du nouveau collège Notre-Dame, situé sur la Côte-des-Neiges à Montréal. On connaît son mot : « Mes supérieurs me mirent à la porte, et j'y suis resté quarante ans ». Mais devine-t-on la somme de dévouement que ce mot d'esprit veut cacher ? Ce collège n'a pas toujours été le bâtiment cossu que l'on peut encore voir de nos jours. Les débuts en furent proprement héroïques, sans amélioration notable durant les neuf premières années. La prédilection que le Frère André manifeste pour les Petites Sœurs de la Sainte-Famille remonte à cette époque. L'abnégation des premières d'entre elles dans les commencements du collège, l'a rempli d'admiration. Trois y sont mortes d'épuisement ; la communauté était si pauvre qu'il fallait restreindre la nourriture et le chauffage.

Un autre mot d'esprit du Frère André nous dévoile ses années d'obscurité : « Propre à rien et bon à tout. » Il est le dévouement personnifié : « Je n'ai jamais refusé de faire ce qu'on me demandait. Je répondais toujours oui et je terminais la nuit ce que je n'avais pu faire le jour. »

Portier, il était également jardinier, chargé de l'entretien des lieux de passage et des parloirs, cordonnier, tailleur, coiffeur, commissionnaire, surveillant. Dernier couché, il est aussi le premier levé puisqu'il est “ l'excitateur ” de la communauté.

D'une manière générale il est aimé et admiré de tous, en particulier de ses supérieurs. L'exception qui confirme la règle serait peut-être l'irascible Père Louage dont il attire régulièrement les foudres ; ce qui lui vaut en communauté le surnom compatissant de “ paratonnerre ”. Les élèves l'aiment beaucoup aussi. C'est une joie pour eux de pouvoir l'aider. Certains ont le privilège d'être ses confidents, notamment le petit Maurice Duplessis, futur premier Ministre, avec lequel il restera lié toute sa vie.

Sa mortification ordinaire est dans l'application constante au devoir d'état, dans la souffrance de ses maux d'estomac, dans le rejet du moindre confort. On voit encore aujourd'hui au musée de l'Oratoire la banquette sur laquelle il prend tout habillé son repos de chaque nuit. Inutile de chercher à l'imaginer en vacances, il n'en eut pas durant toute cette période de sa vie qui couvre, d'après le calcul du chanoine Catta, 13 640 jours. Il ne connaît pas non plus les joies de la vie de communauté : ni récitation de l'office divin en commun, ni récréation, ni même repas en communauté. C'est le lot de tout frère portier, certes, mais quarante ans durant ! Et avec la croissance de la communauté, année après année, il se trouve de plus en plus coupé de certains confrères, les enseignants surtout. C'est ce qui explique en grande partie les rebuffades qui seront son lot lorsque les premiers miracles se produiront.

Il faut beaucoup insister également sur l'entrain et la vivacité du Frère André. Perpétuellement enjoué, il aime plaisanter, « faire des farces », et les jeux de mots fusent, parfois même aux dépens des supérieurs. Le P. Gastineau se plaint un jour de ce qu'un enfant fût sorti sans avoir passé par chez lui : « Il aurait fallu que cet enfant ne s'en allât pas sans que je le susse. » Le frère rétorque, sans le moindre brin d'impertinence : « Eh bien, vous le sucerez à son retour. »

« Quel plus grand bonheur que la vie religieuse, si pénible en apparence, si heureuse en réalité », lit-on dans une de ses rarissimes lettres. À l'automne 1888, il s'est exténué en nettoyant seul toutes les vitres de l'établissement. Il n'en peut plus et crache le sang. Le médecin exige le repos et prévient le supérieur que c'est une question de vie ou de mort avant deux mois. « Père supérieur, dit le Frère André, est-ce que ça vous ferait quelque chose si je mourais tranquillement à la maison, ou bien à laver les vitres ? » Et sans attendre la réponse : « Si ça ne vous fait rien, ça ne me fait rien non plus. » Quand le docteur revient pour visiter son malade, il le trouve achevant le nettoyage des vitres. Frère André rit de bon cœur : « Si jamais je viens à mourir, la communauté sera bien débarrassée. »

Le Frère André a donc bien retenu la leçon du Père Hupier, et, peut-être aussi, celle de saint Joseph dans l'église de Saint-Césaire. Il se donne totalement, sans retour sur lui-même et trouve là sa joie, heureux chaque soir de tomber de fatigue ; Notre-Seigneur n'est-il pas tombé pour lui sur le chemin de Croix? La Passion de Notre-Seigneur, le chemin de Croix demeurent ses dévotions privilégiées. Sa piété ne souffre pas de son dévouement Dès qu'il le peut, fût-ce tard dans la nuit, il se rend à la chapelle où il passe de longs moments d'oraison de quiétude. S'il lui arrive de s'y endormir, il ne va pas se coucher sans avoir rendu au bon Dieu le temps que le sommeil Lui a volé par surprise.

En fait, il prie sans cesse, et aurait bien voulu que les élèves fassent de même. Ah, s'il pouvait leur faire partager son amour de Jésus crucifié, sa confiance en saint Joseph ! Certains de ses jeunes amis sont ses confidents, comme par exemple le jeune Henri Saint-Denis. Un jour, le frère lui demande de venir avec lui faire un chemin de croix sur “ la montagne ”. Devant son compagnon affolé, « le Frère André y souffre les souffrances de Jésus-Christ », durant deux heures. « Franchement, j'avais peur, ne sachant comment le tout finirait », avoua le petit Henri. C'est encore à lui que le frère confie comme un secret, écho certain de la grâce de Saint-Césaire : « Offrez à Jésus souffrant une nuit entière de prières, pour ceux et celles qui le font pleurer continuellement par leurs péchés; alors vous voudrez passer d'autres nuits en prière. » Ou encore : « S'il n'y avait pas de religieux et religieuses, priant continuellement, jour et nuit, pour la conversion des pécheurs, il y a longtemps que le bon Dieu aurait exercé sa vengeance et que le monde serait anéanti. »

Pour parler aussi de la dévotion du Frère André à la Sainte Eucharistie, il faudrait évoquer ses longues heures d'adoration, sa joie à servir la messe ou sa déception de devoir laisser aux sœurs le soin du ménage de la chapelle.

On pourrait penser enfin qu'il y aurait beaucoup à dire sur sa dévotion à saint Joseph. Eh bien, non ! et c'est ce qui étonne au premier abord. À qui veut l'entendre, Frère André recommande beaucoup de le prier, « car il est tout-puissant, saint Joseph ! » Mais il n'en dit jamais beaucoup plus. Peut-être pense-t-il, dans son humilité, que quiconque prie saint Joseph comme il l'a fait lui-même sur la recommandation de sa mère, en recevra immédiatement les mêmes ineffables consolations. Et comment pourrait-il raconter qu'un beau soir saint Joseph est venu, dans l'église de Saint-Césaire, lui apprendre à faire plaisir au bon Dieu ? Frère André a retenu la leçon pour lui-même et l'applique. Mais saint Joseph va bientôt revenir, cette fois pour mettre fin à cette vie cachée. Le temps est venu pour les Canadiens d'apprendre de leur saint protecteur comment aimer Jésus.

D'INNOMBRABLES MIRACLES

On ne sait pas quel est le premier miracle de Frère André, ni sa date. Le premier miracle attesté est la guérison du Frère Aldéric dont une vilaine blessure au genou s'infectait dangereusement. Ce fait est de 1878. Puis les élèves du collège commencent à bénéficier ordinairement des miracles du petit frère, qu'il s'agisse d'une fracture du crâne, de grosses fièvres, ou encore d'une rage de dents guérie d'une tape sur la joue. Les élèves parlent de tout cela à leurs parents, qui eux-mêmes ne manquent pas d'en avertir les voisins. Il ne faut pas se figurer, dans les débuts, une affluence massive. Il faudra bien une dizaine d'années pour que le flot des malades venant demander leur guérison au frère portier soit quotidien.

Frère André ne cherche pas la publicité, mais il ne se cache pas non plus. Il agit, et agira toujours, dans l'obéissance due à ses supérieurs qui sont ainsi parfaitement au courant des faits. Parfois la guérison est instantanée, comme celle du bossu rapportée en tête de cet article. D'autres fois, elle n'est obtenue qu'après des frictions avec de l'huile tirée de la lampe qui brûle devant la statue de Saint Joseph. Ces frictions doivent, dans certains cas, durer des heures et être renouvelées plusieurs jours de suite. Est-il nécessaire d'avoir la foi pour être guéri ? Il est prouvé que des incroyants l'ont été. Certains miracles ont lieu à distance, et même à l'insu du malade, mais pour d'autres malades, le frère exige de les voir. Bref, il est impossible de systématiser.

L'INSTRUMENT DE SAINT JOSEPH

Trente ans après tout est clair pourtant, si l'on considère que chacun des miracles opérés par le Frère André est ordonné à cette seule fin : développer la dévotion à saint Joseph. Cela permet de comprendre pourquoi les miracles sont nombreux et spectaculaires tandis que le pouvoir du thaumaturge paraît limité.

Toute sa vie, le Frère André ne cessera de se dire “ l'instrument de saint Joseph ”. C'est comme une hantise chez lui, qui vaut d'ailleurs aux journalistes rebuffades sur rebuffades. Les jours de grand pèlerinage, il disparaît. Lorsqu'il apprend que les religieuses qui lui raccommodent ses vêtements en profitent pour s'y prendre des reliques, qu'on garde même ses cheveux, il en a une sainte colère, et de ce jour il ne laisse à personne le soin de son linge ni du ménage de sa chambre. À la fin de sa vie, un visiteur ose lui dire : « Saint Joseph ne vaut rien, vous valez mieux que lui. » Frère André a un sursaut, fait mettre l'homme à la porte. Il est tellement bouleversé de cette parole qu'on doit le conduire à sa chambre, en proie à une agitation nerveuse qui ne s'apaisera totalement qu'au bout de deux semaines.

...CONTRE LA DÉCHRISTIANISATION

Il ne faut pas s'empresser de conclure que le seul désir du frère André est de développer la dévotion au chef de la Sainte Famille. En effet, si saint Joseph multiplie les prodiges et les miracles par l'entremise du frère André, c'est plutôt dans le but de maintenir la foi du peuple dont il assure la protection d'une manière particulière.

Pour le comprendre, il suffit de constater que le développement de l'œuvre de l'Oratoire coïncide avec le développement de la ville de Montréal. Quarante pour cent de la population de la Province se fixent alors sur l'île. Cet essor démographique n'est que la conséquence du remarquable développement industriel de cette époque, cela on le sait. Mais on oublie généralement le paupérisme effrayant et la déchristianisation qui s'ensuivent. Mgr Bruchési et son clergé sont impuissants à remédier à l'inquiétant phénomène, qui finira pourtant par être enrayé. Le défilé de dizaines de milliers de ces pauvres gens devant la dépouille mortelle du frère André n'en est-il pas un éclatant témoignage ? Ainsi, l'histoire du saint Frère prend une tout autre dimension lorsqu'on saisit que, par lui, c'est en réalité saint Joseph qui se penche sur les misères de son peuple pour y maintenir la foi catholique et la religion populaire.

UN IRRÉSISTIBLE DÉVELOPPEMENT...

Si le premier miracle manifeste est de 1878, ce n'est qu'à partir de 1894, les malades se présentant si nombreux et à tous moments au collège, que les supérieurs décident d'interdire au Frère de les y recevoir. On craint les risques de contagion : des parents d'élèves se sont plaints. C'est dans l'abri de tramway, devant le collège, que se tient désormais frère André pour rencontrer ceux qui désirent lui demander telle ou telle faveur. Cette situation durera plus de dix ans, puisque ce n'est que le 19 octobre 1904 que la première messe est célébrée au premier oratoire du Mont-Royal. Le terrain était acheté depuis 1896. Mais il fallut les instances répétées du frère André et de nombreux miracles de saint Joseph, pour que les autorités du collège renoncent à sa destination première de terrain de jeux et de promenades des élèves pour en faire le domaine de saint Joseph.

Les choses vont donc lentement, mais irrésistiblement, frère André ne désespérant jamais. Il est probable que saint Joseph lui a donné surnaturellement la vue de ce qui devait être le développement de l'Oratoire. Par exemple, ne va-t-il pas jusqu'à s'opposer à son supérieur, le P. Dion, lorsqu'il s'agit de déterminer l'emplacement de la première chapelle ? « Ce serait peut-être mieux là... », mais le supérieur tient à son idée. « J'ai pourtant vu... », dit le frère André, puis il s'arrête : le P. Dion a compris. Jusqu'en 1908, le premier oratoire n'est accessible que l'été. À cette date, on l'agrandit et on le rend habitable pour l'hiver. Le frère André en est bientôt nommé gardien ; il abandonne donc ses fonctions de portier. Peu après, est intronisée la statue de saint Joseph, préalablement bénie par le pape saint Pie X. Et Mgr Bruchési ne tarde pas à approuver canoniquement, après enquête, le pèlerinage, à la veille du Congrès eucharistique de Montréal, en 1910.

...MALGRÉ LES DÉTRACTEURS

L'approbation épiscopale fait taire la plupart des opposants du frère André, car s'il compte beaucoup d'amis, les détracteurs ne manquent pas non plus, surtout parmi les médecins et dans les presbytères. Combien de fois est-il pris à partie, traité de “ vieux fou ”, de “ frotteux ”, de “ graisseux ” ou encore de “ vieux tâteux ”. Les journalistes s'en mêlent parfois, et il arrive même, mais moins souvent qu'on se permet de le dire aujourd'hui, que des confrères y vont de leurs sarcasmes et envoient des plaintes aux supérieurs majeurs. Le frère André souffre beaucoup de ces incompréhensions; il en pleure. Mais il n'en demeure pas moins fidèle à sa mission.

Le récit de ce miracle, par exemple, en témoigne : un homme pâtissait d'une enflure énorme à la tête à cause d'un érésipèle : « Frère André, touchez-moi la tête et guérissez-moi. » - « Vous n'avez pas lu dans les journaux ce qu'on a dit contre moi ?... ne me demandez pas de vous toucher. Allez à la chapelle prier saint Joseph; vénérez sa relique et vous allez être guéri. » Le malade se met à pleurer : « Frère André, touchez-moi la tête. » Le Frère a alors un mouvement de pitié et, pour consoler le malade, il le prend par les épaules, le tourne vers la chapelle en lui donnant une petite tape derrière la tête et disant : « Allez donc à la chapelle faire ce que je vous dis. » La petite tape était le contact imploré par l'infirme, il est guéri instantanément.

Si l'approbation canonique fait cesser en grande partie les oppositions tenaces et véhémentes, les mystères douloureux du frère André ne sont pas achevés pour autant. Il a soixante-cinq ans. C'est un homme déjà usé et souvent malade. Pendant vingt-sept ans encore il sera livré totalement aux malades et aux pèlerins.

En 1910, le P. Clément est nommé chapelain de l'Oratoire. Une maladie des yeux vient de le rendre aveugle. À leur première rencontre, le Frère lui demande s'il est content de sa nouvelle obédience. « Oui, je suis content. Mais tout de même, je suis prêtre, je voudrais bien dire la messe comme tout le monde, réciter mon bréviaire. » - « Reposez-vous, vous commencerez demain.» Le P. Clément aimait à raconter par la suite comment, dès qu'il fut seul, il prit son bréviaire, mais sans arriver à lire. Par contre, le lendemain matin, il voyait. Il conserva la vue jusqu'à sa mort survenue en 1940. Les ophtalmologues n'y comprirent jamais rien : ses yeux étaient restés dans le même état, donc, pour leur science, il était aveugle, et pourtant, il voyait !

La décision de construire une basilique est prise dès 1914. La crypte avec sa monumentale statue de saint Joseph est inaugurée en 1917. Les travaux de la basilique supérieure commencent en 1929 et dureront, pour le gros oeuvre, une dizaine d'années.

« MON BOURREAU »

Le développement des constructions suit à grand peine celui des pèlerinages. On compta une fois sept cents visiteurs pour le frère André en une seule journée. Ordinairement, ce sont quatre cents personnes qui se présentent au petit kiosque à côté de la chapelle. Le Frère ne peut leur accorder en principe que deux ou trois minutes. Il faut se rendre compte de la fatigue que cela représente pour un vieillard. Cinq soirs par semaine s'y ajoute la visite aux malades, à l'extérieur. Le célèbre jeu de mots du frère André qui appelle son bureau mon bourreau, prend alors toute sa signification.

Pas une journée ne passe sans que s'opère un miracle éclatant à la vue des dizaines de personnes qui attendent leur tour. Rentrées chez elles, elles n'ont qu'à raconter ce qu'elles ont vu pour que la foi se conserve dans le peuple. On sait que le frère André a une prédilection pour les pauvres. Une petite anecdote en dit long sur son apostolat auprès d'eux: un prêtre passe dans les rues de Montréal. Il se fait prendre à partie et moquer par une bande de jeunes :

« Tais-toi, dit l'un d'eux, et si c'était le frère André ? »

LE SALUT DES ÂMES AVANT TOUT

La réalité profonde est que le frère André est dévoré par l'angoisse du salut des âmes. Beaucoup de témoignages nous rapportent des expressions de lui comparables à celles que l'on trouve dans la bouche du saint Curé d'Ars : « Comment peut-il y avoir tant de péchés dans le monde, après que Notre-Seigneur nous a donné, par les souffrances de sa Passion, la preuve de tant d'amour. » Il hait le péché parce que, dit-il, « le péché est la chose la plus terrible au monde, vu que le Bon Dieu est si bon. » Nous tenons là l'explication profonde de sa vie mortifiée. Un jeune Père de Sainte-Croix lui dit un jour : « Il faudrait vous coucher plus tôt, vous prolongez trop vos prières. » - « Si vous saviez le besoin qu'ont les âmes de la prière, vous ne diriez pas cela », répond le Frère. Et si on lui reproche ses pénitences excessives, il a cette réplique : « Il faut bien faire pénitence pour les pécheurs, eux n'en font pas. »... « Le frère André m'a dit à plusieurs reprises, qu'à l'occasion de grandes conversions qui avaient lieu à l'Oratoire, il éprouvait des souffrances physiques et morales bien vives. Il se réfugiait alors dans une prière plus intense et se confiait à saint Joseph », révèle un autre confident.

Quand le frère André a un pécheur à convertir, il s'enferme avec lui dans son bureau, et il en a souvent pour une heure ou deux. Les autres visiteurs ont beau frapper, il ne répond pas. Il parle alors de la Passion de Notre-Seigneur, et ne cesse que lorsqu'il a gagné son pécheur. Il se fait l'ardent propagandiste d'une petite brochure : “ Soeur Marie-Marthe Chambon et les Saintes Plaies de Notre-Seigneur Jésus-Christ ”. Ce récit des révélations de Notre-Seigneur à une visitandine de Chambéry décédée en 1907, et quelques pages des écrits de sainte Gertrude, sur l'humilité, furent pratiquement ses seules lectures. Mais il y aurait tout un chapitre à écrire sur les grâces mystiques dont fut favorisé le frère André. Selon les témoignages de ses supérieurs, toutes lui rappelaient la valeur de la souffrance : « Plus on est proche de Dieu, plus on souffre », avoue-t-il après l'une d'elles.

Frère André ne guérit les corps que pour « aller à l'âme », selon l'expression de son ami, Monsieur Pichette. Le bien de l'âme passe avant la santé du corps. C'est pourquoi il éconduit généralement les prêtres et les religieux qui viennent lui demander leur guérison : « Les religieux, c'est fait pour souffrir », est son seul commentaire. C'est pourquoi également il ne ménage pas les leçons à ses visiteurs. L'immodestie des femmes est parmi ses cibles préférées. On connaît certaines de ses vives répliques, telle celle-ci : « Prenez une médaille de saint Joseph et frottez-vous jusqu'à ce que le linge repousse. » On en sourit facilement mais, à la même époque, Notre-Dame de Fatima disait à la petite Jacinthe que les péchés de la chair sont ceux qui conduisent le plus d'âmes en enfer. Il s'en prend aussi à l'ivrognerie, aux blasphèmes, au travail dominical. Il incite à la pauvreté, à la simplicité. Il se plaint qu'on lui demande des guérisons corporelles et si peu de grâces spirituelles. L'humilité est sa vertu de prédilection. Il semble bien que saint Joseph l'exige pour accorder la grâce demandée. Voilà pourquoi le Frère a cette exigence qui en étonne plus d'un : il faut se frictionner avec de “ l'huile de saint Joseph ”. C'est la mise à l'épreuve de l'obéissance et de l'humilité. Combien ne sont pas guéris, faute de s'y soumettre ?

Le confessionnal est une étape obligée sur le chemin du bureau du frère André, à l'aller ou au retour. Un homme marchant presque à quatre pattes se présente un jour. Le Frère lui dit : « Allez vous confesser. » Il y va puis vient à la sainte table, à l'endroit que lui avait désigné frère André, devant la statue de saint Joseph. Au fur et à mesure qu'il prie, il se redresse ! Guéri, il vient remercier le Frère : « Il y a combien de temps que vous étiez venu vous confesser ? » - « Quarante ans. » - « C'est pas étonnant que ça vous ait pesé si lourd ! »

Il y a même, dans la vie et l'oeuvre du frère André, un aspect missionnaire conforme à la vocation originelle du Canada français. Il fait quelques séjours aux États-Unis et en Ontario pour s'y reposer. Du moins en principe, car la rumeur de sa présence se répand vite, et c'est au même rythme qu'à l'Oratoire qu'il reçoit les malades. Rien ne lui cause alors davantage de joie, à la suite d'une guérison, que l'abjuration du protestantisme par le malade et parfois toute sa famille.

NOTRE HISTOIRE SAINTE SE POURSUIT

La conclusion s'impose d'elle-même. L'œuvre du frère André est la continuation, dans la première moitié de ce siècle, de notre Histoire sainte. C'est saint Joseph lui-même venant faire obstacle aux conséquences désastreuses pour la vraie foi, du libéralisme et du capitalisme protestants et franc-maçons. L'Oratoire Saint-Joseph est donc un lieu saint dont l'histoire n'est pas achevée.

Le 13 octobre 1960 s'y est rassemblée la plus grande foule jamais connue en ce lieu. Ces fidèles, au nombre de cinquante mille, attendaient la révélation du troisième secret de Fatima. Hélas !... Gageons que le jour où le Pape obéira aux demandes du Cœur Immaculé de Marie, le Cœur très pur, très généreux et tout-puissant de saint Joseph attirera de nouveau à lui son peuple canadien par une profusion de bienfaits miraculeux. Il le conduira à Jésus crucifié pour recevoir de ses saintes plaies la grâce d'être son bon et fidèle serviteur en Amérique du Nord.

RCC n° 33 et 34, mai-sept. 1989

SOURCE : http://www.crc-canada.net/959-la-veritable-mission-du-frere-andre.html

Statue du frère André à la Place du Frère-AndréMontréal en août 2010


St. André Bessette

St. André Bessette expressed a saint’s faith by a lifelong devotion to St. Joseph. Sickness and weakness dogged André from birth. He was the eighth of 12 children born to a French Canadian couple near Montreal. Adopted at 12, when both parents had died, he became a farmhand. Various trades followed: shoemaker, baker, blacksmith—all failures. He was a factory worker in the United States during the boom times of the Civil War.

At 25, he applied for entrance into the Congregation of the Holy Cross. After a year’s novitiate, he was not admitted because of his weak health. But with an extension and the urging of Bishop Bourget (see Marie-Rose Durocher, October 6), he was finally received. He was given the humble job of doorkeeper at Notre Dame College in Montreal, with additional duties as sacristan, laundry worker and messenger. “When I joined this community, the superiors showed me the door, and I remained 40 years.”

In his little room near the door, he spent much of the night on his knees. On his windowsill, facing Mount Royal, was a small statue of St. Joseph, to whom he had been devoted since childhood. When asked about it he said, “Some day, St. Joseph is going to be honored in a very special way on Mount Royal!”

When he heard someone was ill, he visited to bring cheer and to pray with the sick person. He would rub the sick person lightly with oil taken from a lamp burning in the college chapel. Word of healing powers began to spread.

When an epidemic broke out at a nearby college, André volunteered to nurse. Not one person died. The trickle of sick people to his door became a flood. His superiors were uneasy; diocesan authorities were suspicious; doctors called him a quack. “I do not cure,” he said again and again. “St. Joseph cures.” In the end he needed four secretaries to handle the 80,000 letters he received each year.

For many years the Holy Cross authorities had tried to buy land on Mount Royal. Brother André and others climbed the steep hill and planted medals of St. Joseph. Suddenly, the owners yielded. André collected 200 dollars to build a small chapel and began receiving visitors there—smiling through long hours of listening, applying St. Joseph’s oil. Some were cured, some not. The pile of crutches, canes and braces grew.

The chapel also grew. By 1931 there were gleaming walls, but money ran out. “Put a statue of St. Joseph in the middle. If he wants a roof over his head, he’ll get it.” The magnificent Oratory on Mount Royal took 50 years to build. The sickly boy who could not hold a job died at 92.

He is buried at the Oratory and was beatified in 1982. At his canonization in October 2010, Pope Benedict XVI said that St. Andre “lived the beatitude of the pure of heart.”

SOURCE : http://www.ucatholic.com/saints/saint-andre-bessette/


Statue du frère André, Cocathédrale Saint-Antoine-de-Padoue, rue Saint-Charles, Longueuil, Québec

Saint André Bessette

Also known as

  • Alfred
  • Alfredo
  • Andreas
  • Frère André

Memorial

Profile

Son of a woodcutter, and eighth of twelve children. His father died in a work-related accident, his mother of tuberculosis, and he was adopted at age twelve by a farmer uncle who insisted he work for his keep. Over the years Andre worked as a farmhandshoemakerbakerblacksmith, and factory worker. At 25 he applied to join the Congregation of the Holy Cross; Andre was initially refused due to poor health, but he gained the backing of Bishop Bourget, and was accepted.

Doorkeeper at Notre Dame CollegeMontrealQuebecCanadaSacristanlaundry worker and messenger. He spent much of each night in prayer, and on his window sill, facing Mount Royal, was a small statue of Saint Joseph, to whom Andre was especially devoted. “Some day,” Andre believed, “Saint Joseph will be honored on Mount Royal.”

Andre had a special ministry to the sick. He would rub the sick person with oil from a lamp in the college chapel, and many were healed. Word of his power spread, and when an epidemic broke out at a nearby college, Andre volunteered to help; no one died. The trickle of sick people to his door became a flood. His superiors were uneasy; diocesan authorities were suspicious; doctors called him a quack. “I do not cure,” he always said; “Saint Joseph cures.” By his death, he was receiving 80,000 letters each year from the sick who sought his prayers and healing.

For many years the Holy Cross authorities had tried to buy land on Mount Royal. Brother Andre and others climbed the steep hill and planted medals of Saint Joseph on it, and soon after, the owners yielded, which incident helped the current devotion to Saint Joseph by those looking to buy or sell a home. Andre collected money to build a small chapel and received visitors there, listening to their problems, praying, rubbing them with Saint Joseph‘s oil, and curing many. The chapel is still in use.

Born

Died

  • 6 January 1937 of ‘gastric catarrh’ in the infirmary of Our Lady of Hope convent, Saint-Laurent, MontrealQuebecCanada
  • more than a million people paid their respects at his funeral
  • buried in an alcove inside the crypt behind the Votive Chapel at Saint Joseph’s Oratory of Mount Royal, Mont-Royal, Montreal
  • his tombstone reads: Pauper, servis a humilis (a poor and humble servant)

Venerated

Beatified

Canonized

Patronage

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Additional Information

MLA Citation

  • “Saint André Bessette“. CatholicSaints.Info. 21 July 2020. Web. 5 January 2021. <https://catholicsaints.info/saint-andre-bessette/>

Frère André en 1874 au moment de ses vœux perpétuels


PAPAL MASS FOR THE CANONIZATION OF NEW SAINTS:

HOMILY OF HIS HOLINESS BENEDICT XVI

St. Peter's Square
Sunday, 17 October 2010

 

Dear Brothers and Sisters,

The celebration of holiness is renewed today in St Peter's Square. I joyfully address my cordial welcome to you who have come from even very far away to take part in it. I offer a special greeting to the Cardinals, to the Bishops and to the Superiors General of the Institutes founded by the new Saints, as well as to the Official Delegations and to all the Civil Authorities. Let us seek together to understand what the Lord tells us in the Sacred Scriptures proclaimed just now. This Sunday's Liturgy offers us a fundamental teaching: the need to pray always, without tiring. At times we grow weary of praying, we have the impression that prayer is not so useful for life, that it is not very effective. We are therefore tempted to throw ourselves into activity, to use all the human means for attaining our goals and we do not turn to God. Jesus himself says that it is necessary to pray always, and does so in a specific parable (cf. Lk 18: 1-8).

This parable speaks to us of a judge who does not fear God and is no respecter of persons: a judge without a positive outlook, who only seeks his own interests. He neither fears God's judgement nor respects his neighbour. The other figure is a widow, a person in a situation of weakness. In the Bible, the widow and the orphan are the neediest categories, because they are defenceless and without means. The widow goes to the judge and asks him for justice. Her possibilities of being heard are almost none, because the judge despises her and she can bring no pressure to bear on him. She cannot even appeal to religious principles because the judge does not fear God. Therefore this widow seems without any recourse. But she insists, she asks tirelessly, importuning him, and in the end she succeeds in obtaining a result from the judge. At this point Jesus makes a reflection, using the argument a fortiori: if a dishonest judge ends by letting himself be convinced by a widow's plea, how much more will God, who is good, answer those who pray to him. God in fact is generosity in person, he is merciful and is therefore always disposed to listen to prayers. Therefore we must never despair but always persist in prayer.

The conclusion of the Gospel passage speaks of faith: "When the Son of Man comes, will he find faith on earth?" (Lk 18: 8). It is a question that intends to elicit an increase of faith on our part. Indeed it is clear that prayer must be an expression of faith, otherwise it is not true prayer. If one does not believe in God's goodness, one cannot pray in a truly appropriate manner.


Faith is essential as the basis of a prayerful attitude. It was so for the six new Saints who are held up today for the veneration of the universal Church: Stanisław Sołtys, André Bessette, Cándida María de Jesús Cipitria y Barriola, Mary of the Cross MacKillop, Giulia Salzano and Battista Camilla Varano.

St Stanisław Kazimierczyk, a religious of the 15th century, can also be an example and an intercessor for us. His whole life was bound to the Eucharist, first of all in the Church of Corpus Domini in Kazimierz, known today as Krakow, where, beside his mother and father, he learned faith and piety. Here he made his religious vows with the Canons Regular; here he worked as a priest and educator, attentive to the care of the needy. However, he was linked in a special way to the Eucharist through his ardent love for Christ present under the species of the Bread and the Wine; by living the mystery of his death and Resurrection, which is fulfilled in an unbloody way in the Holy Mass; by the practice of love for neighbour, of which Communion is a source and a sign.

Bro. André Bessette, a native of Quebec in Canada, and a religious of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, experienced suffering and poverty at a very early age. They led him to have recourse to God through prayer and an intense inner life. As porter of the College of Notre Dame in Montreal, he demonstrated boundless charity and strove to relieve the distress of those who came to confide in him. With very little education, he had nevertheless understood where the essential of his faith was situated. For him, believing meant submitting freely and through love to the divine will. Wholly inhabited by the mystery of Jesus, he lived the beatitude of pure of heart, that of personal rectitude. It is thanks to this simplicity that he enabled many people to see God. He had built the Oratory of St Joseph of Mount Royal, whose faithful custodian he remained until his death in 1937. He was the witness of innumerable cures and conversions. "Do not seek to have your trials removed", he said, "ask rather for the grace to bear them well". For him, everything spoke of God and of God's presence. May we, in his footsteps, seek God with simplicity in order to discover him ever present in the heart of our life! May the example of Bro. André inspire Canadian Christian life!

When the Son of man comes to do justice to the chosen ones, will he find this faith on earth? (cf. Lk 18: 8). Today, contemplating figures such as Mother Cándida María de Jesús Cipitria y Barriola, we can say "yes" with relief and firmness. That girl of simple origins on whose heart God had set his seal and whom he brought very soon, with the guidance of her Jesuit spiritual directors, to make the firm decision to live "for God alone". She faithfully kept to her decision as she herself recalled when she was about to die. She lived for God and for what he most desires: to reach everyone, to bring everyone the hope that does not disappoint, especially to those who need it most. "Where there is no room for the poor, there is no room for me either" the new Saint said, and with limited means she imbued the other Sisters with the desire to follow Jesus and to dedicate themselves to the education and advancement of women. So it was that the Hijas de Jesús [Daughters of Jesus] came into being; today they have in their Foundress a very lofty model of life to imitate and an exciting mission to carry on Mother Cándida's apostolate with her spirit and aspirations, in many countries.

"Remember who your teachers were from these you can learn the wisdom that leads to salvation through faith in Christ Jesus". For many years countless young people throughout Australia have been blessed with teachers who were inspired by the courageous and saintly example of zeal, perseverance and prayer of Mother Mary MacKillop. She dedicated herself as a young woman to the education of the poor in the difficult and demanding terrain of rural Australia, inspiring other women to join her in the first women's community of religious sisters of that country. She attended to the needs of each young person entrusted to her, without regard for station or wealth, providing both intellectual and spiritual formation. Despite many challenges, her prayers to St Joseph and her unflagging devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, to whom she dedicated her new congregation, gave this holy woman the graces needed to remain faithful to God and to the Church. Through her intercession, may her followers today continue to serve God and the Church with faith and humility!

In the second half of the 19th century, in Campania, in the south of Italy, the Lord called a young elementary teacher, Giulia Salzano, and made her an apostle of Christian education, Foundress of the Congregation of the Catechist Sisters of the Sacred Heart. Mother Gulia understood well the importance of catechesis in the Church and, combining pedagogical training with spiritual fervour, dedicated herself with generosity and intelligence, contributing to the formation of people of every age and social class. She would repeat to the Sisters that she wished to catechize to the very last hour of her life, showing with her whole self that if "God created us to know him, love him and serve him in this life", it is necessary to put nothing before this task. May the example and intercession of St Giulia Salzano sustain the Church in her perennial duty to proclaim Christ and to form authentic Christian consciences.

St Battista Camilla Varano, a Poor Clare nun of the 15th century, witnessed to the deep evangelical meaning of life, especially through persevering prayer. She entered the monastery in Urbino at the age of 23, fitting into that vast movement of the reform of Franciscan female spirituality which aimed to recover fully the charism of St Clare of Assisi. She promoted new monastic foundations in Camerino where she was several times elected Abbess, in Fermo and in San Severino. St Battista's life, totally immersed in divine depths, was a constant ascent on the way of perfection, with a heroic love of God and neighbour. She was marked by profound suffering and mystic consolation; in fact she had decided, as she herself writes, "to enter the most Sacred Heart of Jesus and to drown in the ocean of his most bitter suffering". In a period in which the Church was undergoing a period of moral laxity, she took with determination the road of penance and prayer, enlivened by an ardent desire for the renewal of the Mystical Body of Christ.

Dear brothers and sisters, let us thank the Lord for the gift of holiness that is resplendent in the Church and today shines out on the faces of these brothers and sisters of ours. Jesus also invites each one of us to follow him in order to inherit eternal life. Let us allow ourselves to be attracted by these luminous examples and to be guided by their teaching, so that our life may be a canticle of praise to God. May the Virgin Mary and the intercession of the six new Saints whom we joyfully venerate today obtain this for us. Amen.

© Copyright 2010 - Libreria Editrice Vaticana

SOURCE : http://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/homilies/2010/documents/hf_ben-xvi_hom_20101017_canonizations.html


Saint Andre Bissette Catholic Church in Portland Oregon


Saint André Bessette: Montreal’s Miracle Worker

by Brother André Marie
 [This article was formerly titled “Blessed Brother André of Saint Joseph.” With the canonization of Frere André on October 17, 2010, we have changed the name to something more fitting. The author is grateful that he had the grace to be present in St. Peter’s Square when the Holy Father solemnly declared his patron a saint.]

In the city of Montreal, Province of Quebec, Canada, on a rise of earth known as Mount Royal, there stands a religious edifice of staggering proportions. It is three hundred and sixty-one feet high, taller than either Saint Patrick’s Cathedral in New York or the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris.

Its girth is so massive that it could hold within itself any one of most of the world’s great shrines, including Saint Anne de Beaupré and Saint Paul of London. The cross atop its domed roof can be seen for miles around, guiding the millions of pilgrims who come there each year. It is the Oratory of Saint Joseph, a worthy tribute to him who is the head of the Holy Family and the Patron of the Universal Church.

If one were to ask any Canadian for the name of the person who built this magnificent House of God, he would be told, “Brother André.” Yet, this little lay brother’s name does not appear on any of the official records of the building of the Oratory. He was only a porter — a doorman — at a college owned and operated by his religious congregation. He was a little man, both in size and, if one were to judge by appearance, in importance. He was not a priest; therefore he could neither offer Mass nor preach. Because of poor education, he did not know how to read or write until he reached the age of twenty-five.

How is it, then, that this little brother is known and venerated all over the world as the little saint who built the Oratory of Saint Joseph in Montreal? It is our privilege within the following pages to provide you an answer to that question.

The Early Years.

On August 9, 1845, Alfred Bessette was born to Isaac and Clothilde Bessette, the eighth in what would become a family of twelve children. The Bessettes were a poor French Canadian family who lived in the farming village of St. Gregoire, thirty miles from Montreal, and about the same distance from the border of the United States. Isaac and Clothilde were devout Catholics who, by their own example, taught their children the virtuous habits of prayer and hard work, habits which were to become for little Alfred the key to his ultimate sanctity as Brother André.

Alfred was born a very sick baby; so sick, in fact, that his father baptized him shortly after birth, fearing he would not survive. This lack of physical health and strength stayed with him throughout his entire life, yet he lived to the incredible age of ninety-one.

Recalling what he could of those early years, Brother André later told of how happy they were for him, of how great was his love for his parents, especially his mother, who had special affection for her frail child. But that happiness was soon tempered by tragedy. When he was six years old, his father was killed in a lumbering accident near the town of Farnham. Four years later, his mother, trying to raise twelve children single-handedly, contracted tuberculosis and was forced to put the children up for adoption. Keeping with her only the feeblest one, Alfred, she went to live with her sister, Mrs. Timothée Nadeau, in St. Cesaire. Two years later, in 1857, she died. Brother André later recalled, with great love and affection, her last days. Knowing her end was near, she summoned her children to her bedside and addressed them sweetly:

“My dear little ones, it has been six years since your papa left us to go to Heaven. The good God is coming to look for me in my turn. Pray for me. Do not forget the tomb of your father. My body will repose beside his in the cemetery at Farnham. From the height of Heaven I will watch over you.”

These parting words from his devout mother left a lasting impression on the frail youth. Years later, he would say of her, “I rarely pray for her, but very often I pray to her.”

Alfred was but twelve years old when his mother died. He was now an orphan, separated from his brothers and sisters. But the next ten years of his life would see the accelerated formation of a saint.

After the death of his mother, he remained with the Nadeau family. Timothée put him to work on the family farm, but, try as he may, little Alfred could not cope with strenuous farm labor. He simply did not have the physical stamina required to perform the chores asked of him. Then his uncle sent him to a cobbler to learn the shoemaking trade, but this didn’t work either. The poor lad was so clumsy that he was constantly pricking his fingers with the sharp cobbler’s awl. This scenario was repeated over and over again: He would take a job and work at it as hard as he could, but always his poor health made it impossible for him to continue. Here are Brother André’s own words describing these years of his life:

“I was never very strong. From the time when I was a little boy, ten years old, I have suffered from dyspepsia [indigestion]. It seems as if I was always sick from it. I have had it all during my life, and it still annoys me.

“When I was living with my uncle and was very young, I could not go to school much because I was always sick. Once I tried to become a shoemaker, but I could not stand bending over and being inside the place so much, and my health made me give it up. Then, after a little while, when I thought I was strong enough, I tried to become a baker, but again I found that my health would not let me do inside work. It seems that I was never very strong.”

So much for the physical deficiencies of little Alfred Bessette. Now let us tell of the one great strength which made this peasant weakling such an exceptional boy — his astonishing holiness.

Father André Provençal

During the canonical proceedings for his cause, Father Henri Bergeron, C.S.C., related a comment made to him by Brother André’s sister: “Ah, if you only knew my brother in his youth! On Sunday he passed the greater part of the afternoon in the church.”

We should not quickly pass over this statement without reflection. Sunday was probably the only day of the week on which the boy had no assigned chores. It was most likely the only time he had to play with other children in the village, but Alfred chose to stay in prayer for “the greater part of the afternoon.” This is truly heroic in a child.

It was during this time that he came into contact with the priest who proved to be the worthy spiritual tutor of a saint, Father André Provençal, the Curé of Saint Césaire. It was Father Provençal who instructed little Alfred for his first Holy Communion. It was Father Provençal who inspired devotion to Saint Joseph. And it was also this holy parish priest who put Brother André on that road which, for him, would end in perfection — the road to a religious vocation.

Even in his youth, Brother André practiced severe penances. His aunt, Madame Nadeau, several times had to take away instruments of mortification from the boy. A leather belt pierced with tacks and worn around the waist, an iron chain, and sleeping on the floor were all penances that his poor aunt had to forbid for fear of his health. Little Alfred never disobeyed; when he was told not to practice one penance, he simply adopted another. Some may think these penances were just childish excess which would fade away with maturity, but they continued throughout his lifetime, making him a truly mortified religious.

Penance is nothing without prayer, though. And here was the true sign of the lad’s holiness: He relished being united with God in prayer. His spare time was spent either in the presbytery of the parish, talking to Father Provençal, or in the church itself in the presence of the Blessed Sacrament, absorbed in prayer for hours at a time. It was during these years that he started what was to be his lifelong habit — long, deep conversations with Saint Joseph. In his Epistle to the Philippians (3:20), Saint Paul said, “Our conversation is in Heaven.” For our little French Canadian pauper, these words were not a pious platitude, but a beautiful reality.

To the U.S. and Back

About the year 1863, when he was eighteen years old, he emigrated to the United States, thinking that the milder climate of New England and the opportunities for better employment would benefit his frail health. He settled in Connecticut and worked in various towns including Hartford, alternating higher paying, but more strenuous, factory labor with less difficult, lower paying, farm work. Not much is known about this period except that his vagabond existence never changed; it seemed he would always be a wanderer.

Many years later, Brother André related an incident from his laboring years: One day, while working in a field, he stopped momentarily to rest. As he leaned on his rake for support, he asked Saint Joseph where he would die. At that moment, he had not exactly a vision, but a vivid daydream in which he saw a large stone building with a cross on top. He had never seen this building before, but received a definite mental impression of its size, proportion, color and windows, all of which suggested a barracks. Years later, the vision was confirmed when he became the brother porter of that very building — the College of Notre Dame in Côte-des-Neiges.

Biographers have assumed that, since Brother André actually died in a hospital in Saint Laurent and not the College of Notre Dame, he misinterpreted his dream. But this is not so, for the word “death” can have many meanings, naturally as well as supernaturally. Just as in the case of the Old Testament Joseph, it was in the mystical sense that this dream was fulfilled. Alfred did die at the College of Notre Dame. When a priest stood over him and pronounced, “Alfred Bessette, henceforth thy name will be Brother André,” Alfred Bessette died, cloaked in the black pall of the religious habit, and Brother André, a religious of the of the Holy Cross Congregation was born.

We will discuss his religious vocation soon enough. For now, let us continue with his travels: After three years in the United States, the young wayfarer returned to his native country, still a vagabond and, by worldly standards, still a failure. But he came back weary of the world, for it had nothing to offer him but distractions from the things of God.

While in New England, his associates used to marvel at the fact that almost all of his spare time was spent in prayer. Little did they know that this was only the beginning, for Alfred wanted to give himself completely. Though as yet he had no plans for the religious life, he knew that he would have to take leave of worldly affairs to enter a greater union with his Beloved. It must have been a wondrous thing to see the pious young man begging for guidance, storming Heaven with petition after petition, and offering up his many trials and sufferings in an effort to discern what his true vocation was.

His prayers and supplications were answered. Not long after his return to Canada, Alfred went to see his spiritual Father with whom he had kept contact during his travels, Father Provençal. The same loving, paternal hand which guided Alfred to Saint Joseph while still a child, also brought him to his vocation. He didn’t have to take his little one far. Across the street from Father Provençal’s parish Church was a new building that had been built during the time Alfred was away from Saint Césaire. The building was a school where some eighty pupils were taught by six brothers, members of a fledgling religious congregation known as the Congregation of the Holy Cross. To fully appreciate the next phase of Brother André’s life, we must learn a little about this noble institution.

Congregation of the Holy Cross

The religious whom Alfred met were the spiritual children of two fathers.

In 1820, Father Jacques François Dujarie founded an association meant to provide sacristans and teachers for the parish priests of France. Such men were sorely needed, for the Masonic French Revolution had suppressed the religious orders in France, depriving the faithful of teachers and the parish priests of the assistance they needed from brothers and nuns. Many religious were martyred for the Faith during the Reign of Terror.

Father Dujarie was a parish priest in a village near Le Mans, France, and founded his association there. He called these men the Brothers of Saint Joseph. Fifteen years later, he put his brothers under the care of Canon Basile Moreau, who had just founded a group of priests called the Auxiliary Priests. Two years after that, in 1837, the Congregation of the Holy Cross was formed. In 1857, Venerable Pope Pius IX made Holy Cross an official Congregation of the Church.

Saint John Vianney, the Curé of Ars, said of the institute, “The Congregation of Holy Cross is destined after many trials, to perform great works.” Indeed the Congregation did perform many great works all over the world. Missionary work, teaching, and writing are all part of the Holy Cross apostolate. It is impossible to go to a theological library and not find several scholarly books written by Holy Cross priests and brothers. Many were great poets too. But they were best known for the Catholicity and academic excellence of their schools. In addition to countless high schools, the Congregation founded, and still operates, Notre Dame University in South Bend, Indiana. We do not know just what the particular work is that the Curé of Ars was referring to, but it is not too unlikely a guess that he meant the great work of Brother André. For, though this Order has accomplished much (the early days in Indiana are replete with edifying stories of astounding zeal and piety), its only candidate for canonization to date is Brother André.

In 1847, a small group of religious was sent to Canada to open a foundation in the diocese of Montreal. The group was led by a Holy Cross priest and included six brothers and two nuns. They came at the request of the bishop of Montreal, Bishop Bourget, who went to France to ask Father Moreau for their assistance. These pioneer religious founded a college in Saint Laurent, in the diocese of Montreal.

Acceptance and Profession

Alfred’s meeting with these brothers was an event of singular importance. He was impressed by them; their black habit with Roman collar, cincture and medal of Saint Joseph, their manly bearing and devotion all attracted him. Nevertheless, he was nervous. These men were educated; they ran a school — just the six of them — with eighty children. Alfred was still an illiterate. But Father Provençal soon relieved him of that worry, assuring his young friend there was a need in the order for janitors and manual laborers. His fears allayed, Alfred soon came fully to desire the life which he saw before him in these six men.

On the brothers’ part, however, there was reservation. Could this frail little one actually live up to the great rigor of religious life? Could he take the formation that they had all been through? Was his apparent piety enough to overcome such deficiencies? These were real concerns for the brothers, though they did not express them to the lad. They simply answered the questions Alfred asked about their rule, their history, and their devotion to the Holy Patriarch, Saint Joseph. Without discouraging him, they said nothing to indicate any desire that he join them.

Alfred was not at all put off by the brothers’ lack of enthusiasm. As was already his common practice, he sought Divine Assistance to overcome this challenge and prayed all the more. Then, in 1870, he made up his mind that, if they would have him, he would join the Congregation. They accepted him into the novitiate in Côte-des-Neiges, and he took the habit of the order. The novice master, Father Gastineau, gave him a great welcome. Perhaps he was expecting much of the new arrival, because before Brother André got to the novitiate, the novice master received a letter from Father Provençal which said, “I am sending a saint to your Congregation.”

Brother André was a good novice, well liked by his superiors and respected by the brothers. During the novitiate he progressed in the spiritual life under his spiritual director, Father Hupier, and in the religious life under his novice master, Father Gastineau. He also learned to read, a skill which he applied with great fervor to the Holy Scriptures and the Imitation of Christ, as well as to the lives of the saints. As part of the Holy Cross religious formation, novices were required to memorize the entire Sermon on the Mount. But Brother André didn’t stop there. In later years, he memorized the Passion of Our Lord as it is contained in each of the four Gospels, being able to recite the entire Passion word for word according to whichever Evangelist he wished. In addition to this, he had whole sections of many spiritual books memorized.

As it would happen, one area of his life which did not improve during the novitiate was Brother André’s miserable health. It was so bad that he was not allowed to make his temporary vows as a Holy Cross brother. There was even talk of dismissing him from the community. Naturally, this upset the frail little servant of God, who wanted to work out his salvation as a religious. Desperate to save his vocation, he took advantage of a visit by Bishop Bourget, the bishop of Montreal, to the college. Overcoming his timidity, the novice knocked on the door of the prelate’s room and, once admitted inside, threw himself at the feet of his Excellency. In tears, he explained the situation. Towards the end of the conversation, the young brother humbly declared, “My only ambition is to serve God in the most obscure tasks.” The bishop, having heard all he needed, said, “Don’t be afraid, child. You will be admitted to the religious profession.” He was true to his word; Brother André made his profession on August 22, 1872.

Our Lady’s Porter

His first assignment was as porter of the College of Notre-Dame-du-Sacré-Coeur in Côte-des-Neiges, the same college where he spent much of his novitiate. This was the position he held for nearly forty years. As is common in the lives of all of the saints — and, indeed, in the lives of all men — there was never a time when he was without crosses, some of them serious. His superior at the College, Father Louage, was not particularly impressed by Brother André and oftentimes disciplined him in what seemed to be an unfair manner. Because of this, Brother André was given the name “the lightning rod of the college” by the other religious, who said, “He receives the bolts of Father Louage.” In all of this, the pious religious persevered without the slightest protest, wishing to unite his sufferings to Christ’s instead of wasting them by complaining.

It was soon after his assignment at the college that those supernatural phenomena which marked the rest of his life started to happen.
Miracles

God, knowing that men do not think often enough of their final end, nor of Him, nor of the truths of religion, gives human nature external signs of His presence and the truth of His religion. Our Lord Himself, when the disciples of Saint John the Baptist approached him, asking if He were the Messias, said, Go and relate to John what you have heard and seen. The blind see, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead rise again, the poor have the gospel preached to them. Culminating with His own miraculously prolonged passion and His glorious Resurrection, Our Lord gave ample proof of His Divinity. In addition to His own miracles, He promised His Apostles that signs would follow their preaching. He was true to this promise: But they going forth preached every where: the Lord working withal, and confirming the word with signs that followed. (Mark 16:20) As is plain from Church History and the lives of the saints, the divine foundation of the Church was proved by miracles in every age.

Since Our Lord’s time, then, there have been sufficient — and oftentimes more than sufficient — extraordinary proofs for all to know the One True God and His One True Religion. And so, in this age of great intellectual pride, God manifests his mercy again to an unbelieving people to give them more than ample opportunity to save their souls.

As for Brother André, the public nature and frequency of the miracles he worked make them impossible to dispute. He cured many of the students at the college, so many that he developed a reputation as a great miracle worker.

One day, as the pious porter was scrubbing the floor in the parlor of the college, a lady came to see him, having heard of his reputation. She was so afflicted with rheumatism that she could only walk with the assistance of two men supporting her by holding each arm. Her request to Brother André was simple enough: “I am suffering from rheumatism. I want you to heal me.” Not looking up from the floor he was still busily scrubbing, Brother André said to the men assisting her, “Let her walk.” The woman walked out unassisted.

As the school’s doorkeeper, Frère André saluted and bid farewell to the many guests who came to the college. Having a keen interest in their spiritual welfare and a symphetic ear for their problems, the little doorman could often tell who was in need of his prayers or counsel. One day he noticed on the face of a guest — the father of a boarding student — a preoccupied, strained expression. When Brother André learned that the man was worried about his sick wife, he told him, “But she is not so sick as you think. At this very moment she became better.” The man was quite cynical, for he knew that his wife had been ill for many years. Yet upon arriving home, his wife greeted him at the door, perfectly healthy, in good spirits, and inquiring about the couple’s children. The man later learned, upon speaking with his wife’s nurse, that she had asked to be taken out of bed exactly when Brother André pronounced the words, “At this very moment, she became better.”

Father Henri-Paul Bergeron, a Holy Cross Priest who knew Frère André, gives an account in his book, The Wonder Man of Mount Royal, of an event that recalls some of those recorded in the Gospels:

“One day as he was going along Bienville Street in Montreal, a sick woman was brought to him. Immediately all of the sick of the neighborhood, children, men and women, were brought out until the whole street was filled with the sick and the infirm. Brother André attended to all with kindness, and his chauffeur. . . making his way through the crowd, remarked:

‘How wonderful; it is like a scene from the life of Our Lord: everyone rushed forth to beg for favors and cures.’

‘Perhaps so’ replied the Brother, ‘but God is surely making use of a very vile instrument.'”

On another occasion, when the porter was in the infirmary, he saw a student sick in bed. He told the boy, who had been ordered to rest by the school doctor, to get up. “You’re not sick, you lazy bones! Go and play with the others.” This the boy did, in perfect health and good cheer. The story of the incident soon spread around the college. Teachers, the doctor, students and parents alike marveled at the miracles wrought by the confident prayer of the young brother.

We say that the miracles were wrought by the prayers of the brother. Perhaps, if he were here, he would rebuke us for saying this. He never claimed that he worked a single miracle. In his humility he gave all the credit to Saint Joseph, in whose power Brother André had infinite confidence. In fact, any attempt to credit him with miracles brought a stern reprimand from the normally kind religious. One day a visitor said to him, “You are better than Saint Joseph. We pray to him and nothing happens, but when we come to see you we are cured.” The brother was so incensed at the slander of the Holy Patriarch that he screamed, “Get out of here. It is Saint Joseph who cured you, not I. Get out! Throw him out!” The incident shook the frail constitution of the holy man so much that he spent three days sick in bed.

If miracles are proof of the True God and His True Religion, then the miracle workers chosen by God are going to have enemies, just as God Himself did when He dwelt amongst us. It didn’t take long, then, for Brother André to acquire enemies of his own.

Many parents who sent their boys to the school were alarmed at the activities of its brother porter. Large numbers of sick were coming to the school where their children not only went to classes, but boarded as well. These pathetic masses — many of whom had contagious diseases — crowded about the train station across from the college. In their quest to see Frère André they constantly filed in and out of the very building where the students were housed. The just concerns of the parents, coupled with ill feelings (perhaps jealousy) of many at the college, spelled trouble for the porter. And worse yet, many physicians, whose hatred of religion was deposited upon the little man they styled a “fake healer,” added their venom to the rising fury. Soon Brother André had a mob of hostile enemies complaining to his superiors, the bishop, and even the public health officials.

The Bishop of Montreal — at this time, Bishop Bruchesi — dismissed the multitudes who came to complain to him. But this did not mean he was unconcerned. He scheduled an appointment with Brother André’s superiors, many of whom were not convinced of the divine origin of the miracles. During the meeting, the bishop asked whether Brother André would cease his activities if told under obedience. The reply came, “He would obey blindly.” To this the bishop said, ” Then let him alone. If this work is from God, it will live; if not, it will crumble away.”

Not only was the Bishop won over by the porter’s virtue; even the public health officials, who were forced to investigate the goings on at the college, came back from their meeting with him impressed at his common sense and stability. The enemies of Brother André failed, and Bishop Bruchesi’s statement was proven true: the work was from God and it did live.

The Oratory of Saint Joseph

In the midst of all of the excitement, the brother’s heart became fixed on one holy ambition: the erection in Montreal of a shrine to Saint Joseph.

Brother André was not the first to conceive such an idea. Years before, in 1855, the saintly Bishop Bourget had written in the decrees of the Second Plenary Council of Quebec:

St. Joseph, then, must have a church which will in a certain sense supply the service of all the others, and in which he may receive every day the public honors due to his eminent virtues . . . We wish to consecrate whatever is left to us of strength and life in the task of having him honored in such a church and of making that church a place of pilgrimage whither the faithful will come to visit him. . .

This is the same bishop whom we reported earlier saved Brother André’s vocation nearly twenty years after writing these words. Perhaps he knew that the holy little novice who pleaded with him was the humble instrument through which the Patron of Canada would finally have a worthy shrine built. But even Bishop Bourget was not the first to express the desire that such a shrine be built. Father Moreau had dreamt of a place of pilgrimage to Saint Joseph in the very early years of the Holy Cross Congregation in France. He thought of using the novitiate at Charbonnière, near Le Mans, for such a site. Both men were dead and buried before the Oratory was started, but both had a hand in its foundation all the same.

The shrine was in the thoughts and prayers of the porter for quite some time before he dared ask permission to build such a thing. He let only a handful of privileged friends know of his holy aspiration. Every once in a while he would let out a stray remark impressing on the hearer the need for a chapel to Saint Joseph. Some of these occasions came with certain signs of the divine origin of the brother’s dream. One of his confreres told him of a strange phenomenon in his cell: It seemed that every time this religious put his statue of Saint Joseph facing his bed, he came back to find the statue turned around, facing the Mount Royal. Laughing, Frère André told his confrere, “It is not strange at all; it simply means that Saint Joseph wants to be honored on the mountain.”

Certainly Brother André wanted Saint Joseph honored on the mountain. In 1890, he took a young student with him on one of his regular Thursday meditation walks. Taking the student up to the mountainside across the street from the school, he told him, “I have hidden a medal of Saint Joseph here. We will pray that he will arrange the purchase of this land for us.” For six years he persevered in prayer for that intention, and in 1896, his prayers were rewarded. The Holy Cross Congregation purchased the land, fearing that such a prime piece of real estate would attract a club or resort which would be an unwholesome distraction so near the students. After the land was purchased, Brother André put a statue of Saint Joseph in a little cave on his chosen site. Placing a bowl in front of the statue, he planned on collecting alms from Saint Joseph’s petitioners, alms which would be used to build a chapel.

The building of the shrine was a complex thing. It would be a distraction in this short biography to go into all of the details of what was completed and when. Indeed, at times the biographies of the Blessed read more like architectural manuals than the life of a saint. This is because the life of the little brother was so intimately connected with the building of this shrine that one cannot be discussed without the other. To put it simply, what started out as a fifteen-by eighteen foot chapel in 1904 became a minor basilica in 1955, and was completed — interior and all — in 1966. In his lifetime, the shrine became big enough to warrant having a full-time guardian, a job to which Brother André was appointed in 1909. For the present, however, we would rather discuss the life of the holy builder than the building itself.

From the moment that he conceived the idea to the day he died, the Oratory of Saint Joseph was a sacred task which Blessed André pursued with burning zeal. Everything that he could do in the confines of religious obedience to make the shrine a reality, he did immediately.

In his days as porter in the college, he also became the school’s barber, a position which gave him opportunity to give holy counsel to the boys. When the students paid him the small fee for their haircuts, Brother André would set the money aside for the shrine.

Miracles in the U.S.A.

The determination that our brother had to build the shrine to Saint Joseph took him well beyond the confines of Montreal to find the money needed for the project. He toured many cities in the United States and Canada in this holy pursuit. Many of the French-Canadian towns around Boston, including the industrial cities of Lowell and Fitchburg, were on his itinerary. In these forays, he made the rounds of factories to beg contributions from their workers.

Even today can be found residents of these areas who vividly recall the visits of the saint. A religious in our own order once met such a privileged resident, who related the story of a young couple with an infant diagnosed as having a brain tumor. Upon learning of the child’s malady, Blessed André took the baby into his arms, gently rubbing the afflicted infant’s head. The moving scene of the aged Brother caressing the infirm baby was more than just a tender moment; the child, it was later discovered, was completely cured.

Another episode in his American travels saw the conversion of a young non-Catholic named Henry Paine. Mr. Paine had pierced his hand with ice tongs and it was so infected that the doctors talked of amputating the affected member. The young man promised his Canadian visitor that that he would convert if he was healed. At the touch of Frère André’s hand, the pain left. Almost immediately, the hand was completely cured. Mr.Paine kept his promise: he did indeed convert; and soon after, he married a Catholic young lady.

The miracles wrought at the Oratory were many and spectacular. Still there were critics. Many cynics doubted the efficacy of St. Joseph’s oil, medals and novenas for healing bodily illnesses. Others took the cures for granted, thinking that it was the good work of the kindly brother, who, like any other humanitarian, had no other aim in mind than taking away people’s suffering. But for Blessed André, the working of miracles had one end and one end only: Faith.

Zeal for Souls

Many of the people who sought cures from Frère André were good Catholics; but others were heretics and unbelievers of all kinds. One of the witnesses at his cause for beatification said, “As to heretics, schismatics and also unbelievers, Brother André treated them with more kindness and sympathy than the Catholics. He wanted to gain the confidence of such people. When the right time came he talked to them of the goodness of God and of religion. . . He profited by the visits of Protestants and unbelievers to slide in a good word to them, an evangelical word.”

It was by this kind of work that the guardian of the Oratory wrought thousands of conversions, many among lapsed and lukewarm Catholics, but also among Protestants, Freemasons and Jews. Brother André looked upon the humility of the non-Catholic, in coming to a Catholic brother for a cure, as the beginning of faith. In this he was imitating Our Lord Himself. When the father of the possessed boy in Saint Mark’s Gospel begged for a cure, Jesus told him that all things were possible to those who had faith. And immediately the father of the boy crying out, with tears said: I do believe, Lord. Help my unbelief. Like Our Lord, Blessed André took every opportunity to give the gift of faith to the unbeliever. About this, the Blessed said, “Those who are cured quickly often are people who have no faith or little faith. On the other hand, those who have solid faith are not cured so quickly, for the good God prefers to allow them to suffer that they will be sanctified even more.”

Devotional Life

In early life, our diminutive porter acquired the habit of frequent, long, and devout prayer. As he advanced in years, this habit never waned. During the daytime, which he typically spent cleaning and doing other chores, Frère André received many visitors. At night he frequently visited hospitals, oftentimes returning with crutches to add to the growing collection in the Oratory. After such a day, he would spend much of the night in prayer. One of his intimates said about this, “Frequently, after his sick calls, he invited me to sleep in his cell over the primitive chapel. More than once I struggled against sleep in order to watch him. Towards morning I fell asleep while he remained in prayer. When I awoke, about five o’clock, I often noticed his bed had not been touched.”

Though he is known for his tremendous devotion to Saint Joseph, all those who knew him said that Blessed André’s central devotion was to the Passion of Our Lord. Many times, he would turn a worldly conversation into an emotional narration of Our Lord’s sufferings, often bringing those present, including himself, to tears. Because of this devotion, the good brother led Friday Stations of the Cross every week at the Oratory, hoping one day to construct a large set of stations around the Basilica’s exterior.

His devotion to Our Lady was quite conspicuous too. Logically, with such a love of the Passion, he often invoked Mary as Our Lady of Sorrows, the title under which she is the Patroness of the Holy Cross Congregation. Frequently he walked around with Our Lady’s Rosary in his hand; and in visiting the sick or raising funds for the Oratory, he would take advantage of the car ride to recite not one but several Rosaries. In his simplicity, he spoke of the Virgin as a child would: “If you consider all the saints, you will see that all of them had a devotion to the Blessed Virgin; Her intercession is most powerful, she is the Mother of God and the Mother of men.”

The piety that he had toward the Patron of the Universal Church was simple and childlike too: “When you invoke Saint Joseph, you don’t have to speak much. You know your Father in heaven knows what you need; well, so does His friend Saint Joseph.” “Tell him, ‘If you were in my place, Saint Joseph, what would you do? Well, pray for this in my behalf.'” To the people who came to him with their troubles — and thousands did — the friend of Saint Joseph recommended the use of sacramentals, like Saint Joseph’s oil or a Saint Joseph medal. Most of all, he recommended persevering and confident prayer, usually prescribing a novena to his powerful benefactor.

A typical example of the favors wrought through the intercession of Saint Joseph is this one: A girl at a convent school not far from Quebec was severely injured when another child struck her in the right eye with an oar. The doctors tried to save the eye, but paralysis of the optic nerve set in, causing the girl to lose her sight. The sisters at the school had heard of the cures at the Oratory and procured a medal of Saint Joseph which had been blessed there. They decided to make a novena. For nine days, all the Sisters and students received Holy Communion and prayed to the foster-father of Jesus, applying the medal to the child’s eye. There was no progress at all during the course of the novena, but they remained confident. On the ninth day, after everyone had received Holy Communion, the child opened her eye to see the chapel’s statue of Blessed Joseph. Before the cure, the seriousness and permanence of the damage had been verified in writing by two competent ophthalmologists. Later, these two declared that the eye was perfectly cured, with no trace of injury. Neither could explain the cure.

Though Brother André was given the grace to heal others, he was constantly sick himself. He suffered from stomach illness all of his life. As a result, he could eat little more than a mixture of flour and watered-down milk, or sometimes bread soaked in the same. To him, these sufferings were an opportunity for reaching greater sanctity. As we shall see, his final sickness provided him with many such opportunities. When asked if he was in great pain, he said, “Indeed I am, but I thank God for giving me the grace to suffer; I need it so much!”

The Death of a Saint

In the ninety-first year of a life dedicated to Jesus, Mary and Joseph, the miracle man sensed his imminent departure from this vale of tears. Late in 1936, he told one of the priests in his order that Christmas of that year would be his last in this life. Once, when he passed the tiny hospital of Saint-Laurent, he commented, “What a fine place for patients to prepare for death.” At 8:30 in the evening of December 31, the wonder worker who cured so many was himself admitted to that very hospital for what the physician thought was a mild heart attack, but was later diagnosed as acute gastritis.

He spent his dying days as he had spent his whole life, unconcerned with his own sufferings — which were great, considering that he refused any pain medication — and constantly praying for others. He offered up his prayers and mortifications for Catholic Spain, then being torn asunder by civil war, prior to General Franco’s defeat of the Communists. He also prayed for the Holy Father, Pope Pius XI, who was sick and near to death. With friends at the side of his own deathbed telling him how much he was still needed, the good brother said, “There is one who is far more necessary than Brother André in this world: that is the Pope. If the Holy Father passed away, it would be disaster; he still has much to accomplish.”

The Pontiff lived for two more years, years in which he did accomplish much, addressing problems all over the globe: the Germans losing their faith to Nazism, the Mexicans being oppressed by an evil Masonic government, and the even more horrible menace of Communism. On March 19, 1937 — the Feast of Saint Joseph — the Holy Pontiff published Divini Redemptoris, an encyclical letter condemning Communism. As if in gratitude for his own recovery and with great confidence in the mighty Patriarch, towards the end of the encylical Pius wrote,

. . .We place the vast campaign of the Church against world Communism under the standard of Saint Joseph, her mighty Protector.

Like Our Blessed Lord on the Cross, his faithful imitator spoke many words of piety and holy resignation to God’s will during his final agony: “My God how I suffer. . . Heaven is so beautiful that it is worth all the trouble with which one prepares for it.. . . How good God is. . . How beautiful. . . How powerful. . . Mary, Sweet mother, mother of my sweet Savior, be merciful to me and help me . . . Saint Joseph. . . ”

The name of his holy patron was the last intelligible word issued from the holy lips of Blessed André.

Immortality

So Brother André died as he had lived, suffering heroically, praying fervently, and even working great cures. The purely spiritual mission of his life became more evident when, during the exposition of his body — which lasted a week — confessionals were filled with repentant sinners who had been away from God’s grace too long. Not only at the Oratory, but all over Montreal sinners were returning to God in great numbers as more than one million people streamed past his poor little coffin. Some of these people had been sworn enemies who had spurned the miracle worker as a fake, having dubbed him, “the old fool on the mountain.” The “old fool’s” prayers very well may have saved many of these from an eternity without God, just as they may have saved Canada from the clutches of Communism.

Today, the mortal remains of Blessed Brother André lie in a black marble sepulcher in the back of the Oratory, the shrine he dedicated his life to erecting for Saint Joseph. In front of the Basilica towers a statue of Saint Joseph holding the Child Jesus. The millions who file past it every year see on its stone pedestal the words which the saintly old guardian calls out from heaven: ITE AD JOSEPH — GO TO JOSEPH!
SOURCE : http://catholicism.org/br-andre.html

Saint Frère André, église Notre-Dame-du-Saint-Rosaire de Villeray, Montréal.


Blessed André Bessette (AC)

(also known as Alfred Bessette)


Born at Saint Gregoire (near Montreal), Quebec, Canada, on August 9, 1845; died January 6, 1937; beatified by John Paul II on May 23, 1982. Alfred Bessette, later known as Brother André, knew hardship early in his life. The father of this sickly boy died when Alfred was ten; his mother, who fostered Alfred's faith and his devotion to the Holy Family, followed her husband two years later. Until his aunt and uncle left Canada to seek their fortune during the California Gold Rush, Alfred found a home with them. Unfortunately, his health was too fragile to travel into the frontier; thus, at the tender age of 14, Alfred was left alone in the world to earn his way through menial jobs.


During the Civil War, he worked alternately in mills and on farms in New England depending on the state of his health at any given time. At this time Alfred learned English. After the war, Alfred returned to Montreal where he joined the Congregation of Holy Cross in 1870 with the encouragement of Father André Provençal, who had observed Alfred spending whole nights in prayer and sent a note with the postulant saying, "I am sending you a saint."

The hardships Alfred Bessette had endured affected even his vocation. His poor health made it doubtful that he would be allowed to make his religious vows. Because he had to work at menial jobs from his youth, he was illiterate and, therefore, not capable of contributing much to the charism of the teaching order. Bishop Bouget of Montreal intervened with the assurance that Alfred could pray, an invaluable asset to any order. Thus, the same year the Saint Joseph was proclaimed "Patron of the Universal Church" on December 8, Alfred was admitted to the Holy Cross Order as Brother André on December 27.

Brother André spent the next 67 years of his life as a lay brother serving in such menial positions as porter, gardener, baker of the altar bread, and janitor of Notre Dame College. In the meantime André gained a reputation for working miraculous cures that drew millions of pilgrims to Montreal to see him. His own health was so precarious that he was often unable to complete his daily duties. Nevertheless, he practiced austerities such as living mainly on bread and water.

From his childhood Brother Bessette had a strong devotion to Saint Joseph and spent his life promoting devotion to the foster-father of Jesus. He often recommended that those seeking a healing rub themselves with a medal of Saint Joseph or the saint's oil, which came from the sanctuary lamps as a visible sign of faith.

He built Saint Joseph's Oratory in Montreal in 1904. The popularity of the oratory grew because of the many healings attributed to the intercession of Brother André and Saint Joseph. By the time of his death, the oratory, known as the "Lourdes of Canada," had become one of the most popular shrines in North America (Delaney).

SOURCE : http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/0106.shtml

Monument du Frère André à Mont-Saint-Grégoire


BESSETTE, ALFRED, named Brother André, lay brother of the Congregation of Holy Cross and charismatic figure; b. 9 Aug. 1845 in the parish of Saint-Grégoire (Mont-Saint-Grégoire), Lower Canada, son of Isaac Bessette and Clothilde Foisy; d. 6 Jan. 1937 in Notre-Dame-de-l’Espérance hospital in Ville Saint-Laurent (Montreal).

Alfred Bessette was the ninth of 13 children (four of whom died in infancy). He was so frail when he was born that the curé baptized him “conditionally” the following day, completing an emergency ritual performed at his birth. In the fall of 1849 Isaac Bessette sold his property in Saint-Grégoire and bought a parcel of land nine miles to the southeast, in Farnham, near the Rivière Yamaska. As the father of a family living in poverty, he worked at various trades: joiner, carpenter, cooper, cartwright. On 20 Feb. 1855 a tree he was chopping down fell on his chest and killed him. Left alone with her children, Clothilde made sure they had a Christian education and passed on to them the traditional veneration of the Holy Family of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph. Still suffering from the shock of her husband’s death, she wasted away and died of tuberculosis on 20 Nov. 1857.

Alfred was 12 years old. He was taken in by his maternal aunt Marie-Rosalie and her husband, Timothée Nadeau, who lived in Saint-Césaire. He took lessons in catechism, and was confirmed by the first bishop of Saint-Hyacinthe, Jean-Charles Prince*, on 7 June 1858. Because of his poverty and delicate health, his studies were cut short; he would only be able to sign his name and read printed characters. To earn a living, Alfred worked at transporting construction materials. When his uncle Timothée set out for California in search of gold in 1860, the mayor of Saint-Césaire, Louis Ouimet, took the youth in to work on his farm. After that, Alfred engaged in various trades in Farnham, Saint-Jean (Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu), Waterloo, and Chambly. In 1862 he was back in Saint-Césaire, employed as an apprentice baker and cobbler. This wide variety of work experiences did nothing to improve his condition. According to witnesses, he could not digest anything, but he was always praying. Since his early childhood in Farnham, Alfred’s behaviour had worried his acquaintances. In spite of his weak condition, he denied himself dessert and he wore a leather belt studded with iron points around his waist. He would kneel in prayer frequently, intensely, and for long periods at a time; he could be found with his arms stretched out at his sides, in front of a crucifix, at church, in his room, or in a barn.

Hoping to find work fitting his constitution, Alfred took the train to New England in October 1863. Thousands of his compatriots, attracted by its prosperity, had gone there already, including some of his brothers, sisters, and acquaintances. The young 18-year-old, who found factory work almost more than he could bear, shifted between jobs in cotton mills and work on farms. He was hired in Connecticut (Moosup, Putnam, Hartford, and Killingly), Massachusetts (North Easton), and Rhode Island (Phenix). Alfred was reserved by nature and, worn out after a day’s work, would shut himself up in his room and pray.

After looking for suitable work for four years without success, Bessette returned to Canada in 1867 and settled in Sutton, where his sister Léocadie and his brother Claude lived. He soon went back to Farnham, where the local priest, Édouard Springer, hired him to take care of his horse and garden and do difficult chores around the presbytery. When Springer moved to another parish in 1868, Bessette went back to live at the home of Louis Ouimet in Saint-Césaire. Noticing his piety, Ouimet mentioned it to his curé, André Provençal. When questioned about his desire to enter the religious life, Alfred pleaded that he was too ignorant. Abbé Provençal overcame his reluctance by assuring him that he would find the prayerful environment he needed and useful work in the Congregation of Holy Cross, which the priest had put in charge of a school in his parish in 1869.

On 22 Nov. 1870 Bessette showed up at the Collège Notre-Dame, in Côte-des-Neiges (Montreal), where the Congregation of Holy Cross had recently opened its noviciate. Provençal had written a letter of recommendation the previous month to the master of novices, Julien-Pierre Gastineau, telling him that he was sending a saint to his community. On 8 December Pope Pius IX declared St Joseph to be the patron saint of the universal church. On 27 December Bessette took the name of André, in honour of Father Provençal, and he and another postulant donned the religious habit. He was appointed the school’s doorman, a position he would hold until mid July 1909. He also had to keep the premises clean, do the shopping, and give alms to the poor. In addition, he acted as barber and as nurse to sick students, handled the mail, and transported parcels for the students, whom he sometimes accompanied on the days when they went on outings. The congregation’s superiors hesitated, however, to accept him into the religious life in 1872 because of his poor health. When Bessette had a conversation with Bishop Ignace Bourget*, who had himself brought the congregation to Canada [see Joseph-Pierre Rézé*; Jean-Baptiste Saint-Germain*], he was reassured. Soon afterwards, the new master of novices, Amédée Guy, recommended him by saying: “If this young man becomes unable to work, he will at least be able to pray well.” Permitted to take his temporary vows on 22 Aug. 1872, Brother André made his final vows on 2 Feb. 1874, at the age of 28 years and six months.

Some of the visitors whom Brother André, as doorman, welcomed at the school asked him to pray for them in their illnesses. Others invited him to visit them at home. He would pray with them, and give them a medal of St Joseph, to whom he had early sworn a particular veneration, as well as a few drops of the olive oil that was burning before the saint’s statue in the school chapel, advising them to rub it on themselves confidently. More and more people began declaring that they had been entirely or partly cured in this way. The first known account, written by Désiré-Michel Giraudeau, named Brother Aldéric, who reported his own cure as well as that of several others, was published in Paris in 1878 in the Annales of the Association de Saint-Joseph. The little brother’s reputation – he was barely five feet tall – as a saintly miracle worker spread by word of mouth. The school authorities eventually began to worry about the growing flood of visitors. Parents, colleagues, and even the school physician complained to the town’s religious and health authorities about the presence of sick people so close to the students. Some called Brother André a charlatan, a mere anointer. Around 1900 he was asked to see the sick in a shelter that had been built across from the school, at the streetcar stop, for the students’ parents. He took his visitors to pray before a statue of St Joseph that he had set up in a niche on Mount Royal. The land, which had been purchased in 1896 by the Collège Notre-Dame, was named Parc Saint-Joseph; the lower part was cultivated and the upper part was used for recreational purposes. Brother André’s cherished project was to build a chapel to St Joseph there. With the support of his friends – a number of whom had had their wishes granted after praying with him – he finally obtained permission to build it. The school authorities and Archbishop Paul Bruchési of Montreal stipulated, however, that any expenses incurred should be borne by those seeking help. Thanks to spontaneous donations in cash and in kind (for example, statues, vases, liturgical vestments, a bell), the rudimentary sanctuary was inaugurated on 16 Oct. 1904.

From 1905 to 1908 the celebration of Ascension Thursday and a September procession marked the opening and closing of the pilgrimage season. After meeting a number of times in 1907, the zealous supporters of St Joseph’s Oratory constituted themselves a committee on 9 Sept. 1908, naming it the Comité de l’Oratoire Saint-Joseph de la Côte-des-Neiges. The flood of pilgrims was so great that the chapel would have to be enlarged four times between 1908 and 1912. Each time, the generosity of the public would make it possible to pay for the work in full and on time. The committee remained in existence until mid July 1909, when the authorities of the Collège Notre-Dame took over the administration of the oratory, with Brother André as its custodian. A religious association, the Confrérie de Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal, was officially constituted by Archbishop Bruchési on 21 Nov. 1909, and it included laity, both men and women, friends of Brother André, and contributors to St Joseph’s Oratory and its works. They were convened by the rector of the oratory, provincial superior Georges-Auguste Dion*, for an hour of prayer on the third Sunday of every month at 3:00 p.m. This was the occasion for reporting on the affairs of the sanctuary: letters received, requests for prayers or masses, cures, various small items about the development and activities of the oratory. By 1910 Brother André had a secretary to answer the mail addressed to him.

In 1912 the board of St Joseph’s Oratory was organized; it consisted of three priests and three Holy Cross brothers, including Brother André. The monthly magazine Annales de Saint-Joseph began publication in Montreal that same year. Its purpose was to promote the veneration of St Joseph, publicize the work of the oratory and the missions of the Congregation of Holy Cross in Bengal, and comment on the social concerns of the day. An English edition would come out in 1927. A team of brothers and priests wrote articles and columns; a group of selected authors, such as Félix Leclerc*, Guy Mauffette*, Alfred DesRochers*, Françoise Gaudet-Smet [Gaudet*], and Marie-Antoinette Grégoire-Coupal, as well as the illustrators Edmond-Joseph Massicotte*, Jacques Gagnier*, and Gui Laflamme, would add their contributions later. The magazine was still being published in the early 21st century under the name L’Oratoire. From 3,600 in 1912, the circulation would grow to 122,000 in 1932.

There was a growing stream of visitors to the sanctuary. In 1913, under pressure from lay people and with the encouragement of Archbishop Bruchési, a proposal for a basilica was set in motion, with plans drawn up by architects Louis-Alphonse Venne and Dalbé Viau. The funds needed to finance the construction of the crypt, some $80,000, had already been raised through donations from the faithful. Construction began in 1914, and the crypt – the first stage of the project – was inaugurated on 16 Dec. 1917, but less than a year later the sanctuary, which could seat 1,000, proved too small. The number of visitors continued to increase throughout the 1920s, during which time, in accordance with the wishes of the archbishop and his coadjutor, Bishop Georges Gauthier, the sanctuary became the centre of the religious activities of the archdiocese. Associations of every kind – social movements, Catholic trade unions, religious confraternities – got into the habit of making pilgrimages and holding gatherings there, which drew thousands of people. Annual visits to the oratory were organized in parishes and educational institutions.

Visitors came not only from Quebec, but also from Ontario, New Brunswick, western Canada, and the United States. Brother André received them every day from 9:00 a.m. until 5:00 p.m. In the evenings, friends drove him to the homes of people who were too ill to travel. Since one person alone could not answer the 200 or 300 letters he received daily, a secretariat was set up. In 1920 Brother André instituted the observance of a holy hour in the crypt on Fridays at 8:00 p.m., which soon came to be followed by a visit to the stations of the cross. The faithful came by the hundreds to these evenings of prayer. The idea of atonement, put forward by the religious authorities to counter the threat of socialism and communism as well as the wars in Europe, gave rise to various lay initiatives. Beginning in 1926, for example, Édouard-L.-H. Barsalo organized a pilgrimage on foot to attend the first mass of the year at the oratory; hundreds, and then thousands of people answered the call.

By 1915 Brother André’s superiors were letting him take a short rest twice a year. He used the time to visit relatives and friends in Sutton, Saint-Césaire, and Quebec City, but also in the United States (especially New England) and in Ontario (Toronto, Sudbury, and Ottawa). His reputation as a saint and miracle worker preceded him. Stationmasters announced his arrival and crowds gathered as he got off the train and at the doors of the hotels or presbyteries where he was staying. Each time, cases of healing were reported in the local newspapers. He always came back with offerings given in gratitude for favours received. There was a growing popular demand that the plan for a basilica be acted on, and in 1927 Gauthier authorized a financial campaign to raise the necessary funds. Meanwhile, work continued on developing the land, building roads and parking lots, and providing service facilities.

The wonders that were worked at St Joseph’s Oratory drew the attention of the press, especially the English-language papers. In 1922 George Henry Ham*, a lobbyist for the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, published in the Toronto magazine Maclean’s a report he had written after visiting Brother André and meeting people whom he was said to have healed. The article aroused so much interest that Ham immediately followed it by publishing in Toronto the first biography of Brother André, The miracle man of Montreal, which was translated at once by Raoul Clouthier and published in Montreal as Le thaumaturge de Montréal. In the same year, Arthur Saint-Pierre* was commissioned to write the history of the sanctuary; L’oratoire Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal, which came out in Montreal, would go through numerous editions.

After showing a great deal of reluctance towards his project of a shrine, Brother André’s superiors were finally won over by the sincerity, simplicity, and conviction of the man who based his cause, not on any claim to miracles or visions, but only on his veneration for St Joseph. To this special devotion were added the love of God, constant reading of the Gospel, and worship of the Holy Family and the Sacred Heart. He used to tell the story of the Passion of Christ to his intimate friends with such emotion that they were moved and transformed by it. He prayed and walked the stations of the cross with them. He asked them all to pray. Among those who accompanied him diligently were Jules-Aimé Maucotel, whom he called his counsellor and who actively assisted in organizing ceremonies; Azarias Claude, a wealthy merchant who became his right hand and chauffeur; and Joseph-Olivier Pichette, who at 25 had been told by his physician that he would soon die, and who attributed his recovery to long prayers with the miracle worker.

Years before his death, Brother André was already the symbolic figure of St Joseph’s Oratory. His charisma, his smiling face, wrinkled and radiating kindness, and his simple humour could win over even the most indifferent. He showed good judgement with his visitors, but also boundless charity; he welcomed everyone who came, regardless of social condition or religion. Although he liked to laugh, he also had moments of impatience, especially when someone gave him the credit for favours received. “It is not I who heals,” he would say, in tears. “It is St Joseph.”

Alfred Bessette died on 6 Jan. 1937. His body lay in state in the oratory – which was kept open day and night – until 12 January. An initial funeral service was held in the cathedral in Montreal, and a second one at St Joseph’s Oratory. More than a million people came from all over to pay tribute to him, to weep for him, and to pray beside him. Brother André was beatified by Pope John-Paul II on 23 May 1982 and canonized by Pope Benedict XVI on 17 Oct. 2010.

Denise Robillard

The most complete bibliography for Brother André can be found in Étienne Catta, Le frère André (1845–1937) et l’oratoire Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal (Montréal et Paris, 1965). Denise Robillard, Les merveilles de l’oratoire: l’oratoire Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal, 1904-2004 (Montréal, 2005), updates Catta’s work by adding the titles which have appeared in the last 40 years. For supplementary information, the most recent biography of Brother André is useful: Laurent Boucher, Brother André: the miracle man of Mount Royal (Montreal, 1997).

BANQ-CAM, CE604-S11, 10 août 1845. Le Devoir, 7 janv. 1937.

General Bibliography

© 2005–2017 University of Toronto/Université Laval

SOURCE : http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio.php?BioId=42128

L'Oratoire Saint-Joseph à Montréal


Sant' Andrea Bessette (Alfredo) Religioso


Saint-Gregoire-d’Iberville, Montreal, Canada, 9 agosto 1845 – Montreal, 6 gennaio 1937

Nella solennità dell'Epifania si ricorda anche il beato canadese Alfredo Bessette. Orfano a nove anni, nel 1854, fu cresciuto da una zia. Lavorò nelle filande ed emigrò negli Usa, improntando la vita alla spiritualità di san Giusppe. Tornato in patria, entrò come fratel Andrea nella Congregazione della Santa Croce, nata per far rinascere le scuole cattoliche francesi, abolite un secolo prima dagli inglesi. Fu per 40 anni portinaio del collegio di Notre-Dame a Montreal, operando guarigioni. Sul monte cittadino edificò una cappella a san Giuseppe, divenuta un importante santuario. Morì 91enne nel 1937 e fu lutto nazionale. (Avvenire)

Martirologio Romano: A Montréal nel Québec in Canada, beato Andrea (Alfredo) Bessette, religioso della Congregazione della Santa Croce, che fece edificare in questo luogo un insigne santuario in onore di san Giuseppe.

È stato canonizzato il 17 ottobre 2010 da papa Benedetto XVI. Personalmente l’ho pregato nei giorni più difficili della mia vita. E lo prego tuttora.

È uno dei miei amici in Paradiso.
Aveva più di novant’anni all’inizio del 1937, quando anche lui fra’ Andrea Bessette si accorse di essere assai vicino all’incontro con Dio. Sospirò: «Viene il grande misericordioso Dio!». In mezzo ai suoi dolori disse ancora: «Quanto soffro, mio Dio, quanto soffro!».
Un sacerdote che lo assisteva gli domandò perché non si rivolgesse a S. Giuseppe per la sua guarigione. «Non posso chiedere nulla per me! - rispose con serenità – ma quanto più il grande ha fatto per me!». Le sue ultime parole, il giorno dell’Epifania del Signore, 6 gennaio 1937, e pure mercoledì, sacro a S. Giuseppe, furono: «Maria Ss.ma, mia buona Madre, e madre del mio Salvatore, sia misericordiosa verso di me e mi assista!». Poi: «S. Giuseppe, S. Giuseppe». La sua anima vedeva Dio.

Dal 6 al 12 gennaio 1937, nell’arco di pochi giorni, un milione di pellegrini salì silenziosamente sul monte Royal, presso Montreal, in Canada, a rendere omaggio alla salma dell’umile frate, che in vita era stato un grande taumaturgo.

Che fosse morto un santo, un santo da porre sugli altari, non c’era dubbio alcuno già allora.

Un Santo per la vostra Comunità

Alfredo Bassette era nato a Saint Gregoire d’Iberville, presso Montreal (Canada) il 9 agosto 1845, ottavo di 12 fratelli. A 12 anni, rimane orfano di entrambi i genitori. Sua madre gli ha lasciato come tesoro più prezioso una fede vivissima in Gesù, l’Uomo-Dio, l’Amico incomparabile di ogni anima che confida il Lui. Alfredo viene affidato a degli zii. Il suo parroco, don Andrea Provençal, si prende cura di lui e approfondisce in lui un grande amore a Gesù Eucaristico.

Don Provençal lo incoraggia a rivolgersi sempre nella preghiera a S. Giuseppe, padre putativo di Gesù e patrono del Canada: «Egli ti ascolterà e ti benedirà. In seguito lo pregherai per tanti benefici, perché S. Giuseppe davanti a Dio è onnipotente». Da allora, Alfredo ama rifugiarsi spesso in chiesa presso il santo tabernacolo e l’immagine di S. Giuseppe.

Appena dodicenne già si guadagna da vivere lavorando come calzolaio, come fornaio, come servo presso un’azienda agricola e come fabbro. È piuttosto fragile di salute e a 15 anni è colpito da una gastropatia che lo accompagnerà per tutta la vita. Da questo tempo della sua adolescenza, aiutato dal suo parroco, intesse un intenso rapporto con Dio: ogni giorno la Via Crucis e diversi rosari, la Confessione e la Comunione regolare e frequente. Mentre lavora intrattiene colloqui confidenziali con S. Giuseppe, cui affida tutto se stesso.

A 20 anni, Alfredo si reca a lavorare negli Stati Uniti e S. Giuseppe rimane il suo intercessore e modello presso Gesù: è sicuro che non sbaglierà ad affidarsi a Colui che custodì i Tesori più grandi: Gesù e Maria SS.ma: «Custodirà anche me, è sicuro!». Si interroga spesso: «Che cosa farò della mia vita?». per sei mesi prega S. Giuseppe per trovare chiarezza. Don Provençal lo consiglia di ritornare in Canada: «Padre, dice Alfredo, ho deciso che mi farò frate». Tutti e due si inginocchiano, nella chiesa a ringraziare S. Giuseppe per il dono della vocazione.

Per qualche tempo, lavora ancora come operaio parlando così spesso ai suoi amici del suo Santo Protettore che essi lo chiamano "il folle di S. Giuseppe". Don Provençal scrive ai Frati della Congregazione della S. Croce a Montreal: «Vi mando un santo per la vostra Comunità». Quelli, a cominciare dai superiori, si convincono subito della sua santità, appena lo hanno ammesso al noviziato il 27 dicembre 1870. Prende il nome di fra’ Andrea, in onore del suo parroco e direttore spirituale.

Trascorso un anno, non lo si ammette ai voti, perché fra’ Andrea è troppo fragile di salute. Lui allora, promette a S. Giuseppe di erigere un grande santuario in suo onore, se non sarà mandato via dal convento: «Accetto i lavori più umili, pur di consacrarmi a Gesù con i santi voti». In quei giorni, passa nella comunità della S. Croce il Vescovo di Montreal, Mons. Bourget e fra’ Andrea gli confida la sua preoccupazione e il suo progetto di costruire un santuario a S. Giuseppe. Mons. Bourget è quasi sgomento di sapere che quel ragazzo porta nel cuore lo stesso desiderio che ha lui e proprio per questo aveva chiamato dalla Francia i Frati della S. Croce.

«Lei pensa che S. Giuseppe possa permettere che la mia promessa non si realizzi e che io debba rinunciare alla mia vocazione» domanda fra’ Andrea al Vescovo. Il quale gli risponde: «Figlio mio, non temere nulla: tu sarai ammesso alla professione».

Il taumaturgo

Il 22 febbraio 1872, fra’ Andrea fa i voti temporanei: il 2 febbraio 1874, i voti perpetui. É molto felice di appartenere a Gesù per sempre, nella Congregazione dedicata alla Sua Croce: umile frate laico, perché sacerdote non lo sarà mai. Un piccolo del Vangelo, cui vengono svelati e aperti i segreti del Padre, come ai piccoli prediletti da Gesù.

«Terminato il noviziato – racconterà lui stesso – i superori mi affidarono la portineria e lì sono rimasto per 40 anni, senza muovermi». Nella stretta portineria del Collegio di Notre-Dame, è sempre pronto a soccorrere i poveri e a dare ascolto a insegnanti, genitori e studenti. È molto amato da quelli che scoprono la sua anima candida, la sua bontà superiore.

Qualcuno approfitta della sua bontà. Certi confratelli non lo considerano troppo: sa appena leggere e scrivere o poco più. Fra’ Andrea si adatta a tutto: suona le campane al mattino, aiuta nella lavanderia, fa il barbiere agli studenti e pure l’infermiere. Alla sera tardi, lava i pavimenti e i corridoi, perché all’indomani dev’essere tutto splendente.

A mezzanotte, quanto gli altri già riposano, lui prega in cappella la Via Crucis, il Rosario, le preghiere al "suo" S. Giuseppe. Comprende sempre di più che quella sua vita nascosta e un po’ canzonata sarà feconda di bene e di santità, come era stato per altri fratelli laici: S. Pasquale Baylon, S. Martino dei Porres, S. Giovanni Macias… Egli sarà come loro. Intanto chi si raccomanda alle sue preghiere viene esaudito da Dio. Molti cominciano a guardarlo, come "il frate santo". Certi malati, guariscono per le sue preghiere: sì, a S. Giuseppe "perché lui è onnipotente presso Dio".

Nel marzo 1885, un Padre del convento si lamenta con lui: «La mia gamba peggiora sempre più. Per la festa di S. Giuseppe non potrò scendere in cappella». Andrea gli risponde: «Padre, esiste un rimedio molto semplice: reciti una novena a S. Giuseppe con grande fiducia. Anch’io dirò la novena con lei». Il 19 marzo 1885, il Padre miracolato celebra la S. Messa all’altare di S. Giuseppe.

Poco dopo, Andrea strofina la medaglia di S. Giuseppe sul collo di un ragazzo malato di difterite: «Fannullone – esclama – scendi dal letto, ché sei guarito». E così avviene. Il reparto dei malati rimane occupato da 40 pazienti agonizzanti, affetti da vaiolo.
I medici non sanno più che fare, ma fra’ Andrea si inginocchia in mezzo a loro e ad alta voce supplica S. Giuseppe. Guariscono tutti.

Il costruttore

Si diffonde la voce dei suoi "miracoli". La portineria si riempie di persone in cerca di aiuto. Ma qualcuno lo considera "un ciarlatano", come il dottor Giuseppe Charette, uno dei suoi avversari più accaniti. Ma Andrea lo contraccambia guarendogli la moglie agonizzante e un collega medico, gravemente claudicante. «Lei è convinto che S. Giuseppe può ottenere questo miracolo da Gesù?» domanda. «Sì», risponde il medico zoppo. «Allora posi le stampelle e cammini bene». Come avviene.
A chi gli chiede di pregare per ottenere grazie o miracoli, lui risponde spesso con l’invito a cambiare vita, a confessarsi, a vivere in amicizia con Gesù: «Poi tutto sarà possibile, se credi». A chi si meraviglia, risponde: «Non sono io che guarisco, è S. Giuseppe, è Gesù stesso. Abbiate fede in loro».

Non ha dimenticato il progetto della chiesa in onore di S. Giuseppe. Per finanziare l’opera, fonda la Confraternita di S. Giuseppe e la rivista "Annali di S. Giuseppe". I soldi li manda la divina Provvidenza. Nel 1904 viene inaugurato il primo piccolo oratorio. Fra’ Andrea si trasferisce per sempre in quel luogo. Ogni giorno riceve 700 visitatori e spesso non trova il tempo per mangiare. Di notte prega per tutti, passando lunghe ore in preghiera. Alcuni notano attorno a lui una grande luce.

Si sta innalzando a Montreal il più grande santuario del mondo dedicato a S. Giuseppe. Molte persone – spiega l’anziano frate – si sono affidate alla mia preghiera: devo chiedere tante conversioni, guarigioni e grazie. Voglio elencare tutti i nomi e non lo posso fare se dormo». A 80 anni, si presta ancora a far da questuante nelle città americane per il suo santuario. Quando arriva, viene assalito da folle entusiaste, da molti fotografi e i giornali parlano di lui e delle guarigioni sensazionali che opera la sua preghiera.

Nel 1936, la costruzione rustica della Chiesa è completata ed è assicurato il completamento dell’edificio. «Non c’è bisogno di me – dice fra’ Andrea con gioia – posso andarmene». È noto in mezzo mondo, ma uno dei suoi amici ha detto di fra’ Andrea: «Non credo che si rendesse conto della grandezza della sua fama e del suo compito. Dovunque andava, sceglieva volentieri l’ultimo posto e per quanto riguardava i miracoli diceva: «Non è colpa mia. Dio ne è responsabile…. e S. Giuseppe».
Ma noi lo sappiamo: l’ultimo posto è un regno, nello stile di Gesù.

Fra’ Andrea, come S. Giuseppe, aveva solo cercato "gli interessi di Gesù".

Ora lo veneriamo: Sant Andrea Bessette. S. Andrea di S. Giuseppe.

Autore: Paolo Risso

Chapelle du Frère André, Oratoire Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal, Montréal


Il canadese Alfredo Bessette, questo il suo nome di nascita, nacque il 9 agosto 1845 nel villaggio di Saint-Grégoire-d’Iberville, nella diocesi di Montréal, posta nella provincia del Québec. 

Era l’ottavo figlio di Isacco Bessette e Clotilde Foisy, a nove anni divenne orfano del padre ed a dodici della madre, mentre lui crebbe con disturbi allo stomaco, che non gli permettevano di cibarsi come gli altri. 

Fu preso in casa della zia materna Marie-Rosalie Foisy, coniugata con Timoteo Nadeau; dove le condizioni economiche non erano floride, pertanto sapeva appena leggere e scrivere e dovette lavorare ben presto per guadagnarsi da vivere. 

Il suo stato di salute malferma, non gli permise di avere un lavoro stabile, infatti dal 1858 al 1870 cambiò vari mestieri nella provincia del Québec, con un intervallo dal 1863 al 1867 quando lavorò, sempre saltuariamente negli Stati Uniti, specie nel campo della filatura. 

Alfredo Bessette fu molto devoto di S. Giuseppe, che aveva come lui provato la povertà, il lavoro e l’esilio. Poi ritornò in Canada e qui il suo parroco poté constatare che la sua permanenza negli Stati Uniti, non aveva fatto cambiare la sua inclinazione religiosa e la sua fede; quindi gli consigliò di entrare nella Congregazione della Santa Croce. 

Alla fine del 1870 entrò nel Noviziato dei Fratelli della Santa Croce, prendendo il nome di fratel Andrea; questa Congregazione era stata fondata in Francia da padre Basile Moriau, comprendendo padri, fratelli e sorelle ed era arrivata in Canada nel 1847, su invito del vescovo Bourget, per restaurare il sistema scolastico di lingua francese, che più di un secolo prima nel 1759, gli inglesi avevano abolito ma senza mai riuscire ad assimilare la popolazione cattolica e francese. 

Il suo parroco inviò un messaggio ai suoi superiori, che diceva: “Vi mando un santo”; il suo noviziato si prolungò più degli altri, per le sue condizioni di salute, venendo poi ammesso alla professione religiosa il 22 agosto 1872. 

Gli fu dato il compito di portinaio del Collegio di Notre-Dame di Montréal, dove restò per quarant’anni; soleva dire con quell’umorismo che lo distingueva: “Per 40 anni alla porta, ma non mi hanno mai messo fuori!”. 

Pur essendo un giovane portinaio, fu sempre di mente vivace e sensibile, con capacità di giudizio e senso dell’umorismo e divenne ben presto il rifugio dei poveri, dei malati e degli afflitti, i quali si affidavano alle sue preghiere. 

Già a 30 anni operò delle guarigioni straordinarie; la stampa il 9 maggio 1878 riportò la notizia di cinque guarigioni, attribuite alle preghiere di qul piccolo frate Andrea. Tutto ciò scatenò l’affluenza di migliaia di ammalati e bisognosi, che l’attorniavano giorno e notte. 

A tutti fratel Andrea raccomandò la devozione a s. Giuseppe, la fiducia in Dio; frizionava con l’olio della lampada che ardeva davanti alla statua del santo, le membra dei fedeli, i quali partivano sollevati nell’animo e spesso anche nel corpo. 

Nel 1894 fratel Andrea ottenne il permesso dai superiori di erigere una piccola cappella in legno, dedicata a S. Giuseppe, sul fianco del Mont-Royal che sovrasta la città di Montréal e di fronte al Collegio e che venne inaugurata nel 1904. 

Anche questa cappella divenne meta di numerosi pellegrinaggi, per cui nell’estate del 1905, i superiori nominarono fratel Andrea, custode della cappella. I numerosi prodigi di guarigioni e le conversioni degli spiriti si moltiplicarono, meritandogli l’appellativo di “taumaturgo”, inoltre la cappella diventata un Santuario dedicato a S. Giuseppe, ebbe un grande sviluppo, con un fermento religioso di tanti fedeli, attratti dal carisma di fratel Andrea; le autorità ecclesiastiche e civili, non interferirono nella sua opera apostolica. 

Nel dicembre 1917 fu inaugurata una cripta e la benedizione della pietra angolare di una chiesa superiore, che dopo molte interruzioni e difficoltà, diventò il più grande santuario in onore di S. Giuseppe, padre putativo di Gesù e uno dei centri religiosi più frequentati del mondo. 

Spronò sempre la costruzione del grande Santuario, terminato il 15 maggio 1955, ma non poté vederlo finito perché morì il 6 gennaio 1937, all’età di 91 anni; la sua morte fu un lutto nazionale. 

Nel 1951 fu aperta la causa per la sua beatificazione e venne proclamato beato il 23 maggio 1982 da papa Giovanni Paolo II.

E' stato canonizzato a Roma da papa Benedetto XVI il 17 ottobre 2010.

Autore:
Antonio Borrelli


Chapel of Our Lady of Fatima, Varsity Hills, Loyola Heights, Quezon City Family Rosary Crusade Patrick Peyton Congregation of Holy Cross or Congregatio a Sancta Cruce (C.S.C.) Basil Moreau Blessed Father Basil Anthony Marie André Bessette List of barangays of Metro ManilaLegislative districts of Quezon City Districts 3, Barangays of Quezon City, Barangay Loyola Heights (Katipunan), Quezon City along Katipunan Avenue corner Aurora Boulevard 


OMELIA DEL SANTO PADRE BENEDETTO XVI

Piazza San Pietro
Domenica, 17 ottobre 2010

 

Cari fratelli e sorelle!

Si rinnova oggi in Piazza San Pietro la festa della santità. Con gioia rivolgo il mio cordiale benvenuto a voi che siete giunti, anche da molto lontano, per prendervi parte. Un particolare saluto ai Cardinali, ai Vescovi e ai Superiori Generali degli Istituti fondati dai nuovi Santi, come pure alle Delegazioni ufficiali e a tutte le Autorità civili. Insieme cerchiamo di accogliere quanto il Signore ci dice nelle sacre Scritture poc’anzi proclamate. La liturgia di questa domenica ci offre un insegnamento fondamentale: la necessità di pregare sempre, senza stancarsi. Talvolta noi ci stanchiamo di pregare, abbiamo l’impressione che la preghiera non sia tanto utile per la vita, che sia poco efficace. Perciò siamo tentati di dedicarci all’attività, di impiegare tutti i mezzi umani per raggiungere i nostri scopi, e non ricorriamo a Dio. Gesù invece afferma che bisogna pregare sempre, e lo fa mediante una specifica parabola (cfr Lc 18,1-8).

Questa parla di un giudice che non teme Dio e non ha riguardo per nessuno, un giudice che non ha atteggiamento positivo, ma cerca solo il proprio interesse. Non ha timore del giudizio di Dio e non ha rispetto per il prossimo. L’altro personaggio è una vedova, una persona in una situazione di debolezza. Nella Bibbia, la vedova e l’orfano sono le categorie più bisognose, perché indifese e senza mezzi. La vedova va dal giudice e gli chiede giustizia. Le sue possibilità di essere ascoltata sono quasi nulle, perché il giudice la disprezza ed ella non può fare nessuna pressione su di lui. Non può nemmeno appellarsi a principi religiosi, poiché il giudice non teme Dio. Perciò questa vedova sembra priva di ogni possibilità. Ma lei insiste, chiede senza stancarsi, è importuna, e così alla fine riesce ad ottenere dal giudice il risultato. A questo punto Gesù fa una riflessione, usando l’argomento a fortiori: se un giudice disonesto alla fine si lascia convincere dalla preghiera di una vedova, quanto più Dio, che è buono, esaudirà chi lo prega. Dio infatti è la generosità in persona, è misericordioso, e quindi è sempre disposto ad ascoltare le preghiere. Pertanto, non dobbiamo mai disperare, ma insistere sempre nella preghiera.

La conclusione del brano evangelico parla della fede: «Il Figlio dell’uomo, quando verrà, troverà la fede sulla terra?» (Lc 18,8). E’ una domanda che vuole suscitare un aumento di fede da parte nostra. E’ chiaro infatti che la preghiera dev’essere espressione di fede, altrimenti non è vera preghiera. Se uno non crede nella bontà di Dio, non può pregare in modo veramente adeguato. La fede è essenziale come base dell’atteggiamento della preghiera. E’ quanto hanno fatto i sei nuovi Santi che oggi vengono proposti alla venerazione della Chiesa universale: Stanisław Sołtys, André Bessette, Cándida María de Jesús Cipitria y Barriola, Mary of the Cross MacKillop, Giulia Salzano e Battista Camilla Varano.

Święty Stanisław Kazimierczyk, zakonnik z XV wieku, i dla nas może być przykładem i orędownikiem. Całe Jego życie było związane z Eucharystią. Najpierw przez kościół Bożego Ciała na Kazimierzu w dzisiejszym Krakowie, gdzie u boku matki i ojca uczył się wiary i pobożności; gdzie złożył śluby zakonne u Kanoników Regularnych; gdzie pracował jako kapłan, wychowawca, opiekun potrzebujących. Przede wszystkim jednak był związany z Eucharystią przez żarliwą miłość do Chrystusa obecnego pod postaciami chleba i wina; przez przeżywanie tajemnicy Jego śmierci i zmartwychwstania, która w sposób bezkrwawy dokonuje się we Mszy św.; przez praktykę miłości bliźniego, której źródłem i znakiem jest Komunia.

[Traduzione: San Stanisław Kazimierczyk, religioso del XV secolo, può essere anche per noi esempio e intercessore. Tutta la sua vita era legata all’Eucaristia. Anzitutto nella chiesa del Corpus Domini in Kazimierz, nell’odierna Cracovia, dove, accanto alla madre e al padre, imparò la fede e la pietà; dove emise i voti religiosi presso i Canonici Regolari; dove lavorò come sacerdote, educatore, attento alla cura dei bisognosi. In modo particolare, però, era legato all’Eucaristia attraverso l’ardente amore per Cristo presente sotto le specie del pane e del vino; vivendo il mistero della morte e della risurrezione, che in modo incruento si compie nella Santa Messa; attraverso la pratica dell’amore al prossimo, del quale fonte e segno è la Comunione.]

Frère André Bessette, originaire du Québec, au Canada, et religieux de la Congrégation de la Sainte-Croix, connut très tôt la souffrance et la pauvreté. Elles l’ont conduit à recourir à Dieu par la prière et une vie intérieure intense. Portier du collège Notre Dame à Montréal, il manifesta une charité sans bornes et s’efforça de soulager les détresses de ceux qui venaient se confier à lui. Très peu instruit, il a pourtant compris où se situait l’essentiel de sa foi. Pour lui, croire signifie se soumettre librement et par amour à la volonté divine. Tout habité par le mystère de Jésus, il a vécu la béatitude des cœurs purs, celle de la rectitude personnelle. C’est grâce à cette simplicité qu’il a permis à beaucoup de voir Dieu. Il fit construire l’Oratoire Saint Joseph du Mont Royal dont il demeura le gardien fidèle jusqu’à sa mort en 1937. Il y fut le témoin d’innombrables guérisons et conversions. «Ne cherchez pas à vous faire enlever les épreuves» disait-il, «demandez plutôt la grâce de bien les supporter». Pour lui, tout parlait de Dieu et de sa présence. Puissions-nous, à sa suite, rechercher Dieu avec simplicité pour le découvrir toujours présent au cœur de notre vie! Puisse l’exemple du Frère André inspirer la vie chrétienne canadienne!

Cuando el Hijo del Hombre vendrá para hacer justicia a los elegidos, ¿encontrará esta fe en la tierra? (cf. Lc 18,18). Hoy podemos decir que sí, con alivio y firmeza, al contemplar figuras como la Madre Cándida María de Jesús Cipitria y Barriola. Aquella muchacha de origen sencillo, con un corazón en el que Dios puso su sello y que la llevaría muy pronto, con la guía de sus directores espirituales jesuitas, a tomar la firme resolución de vivir «sólo para Dios». Decisión mantenida fielmente, como ella misma recuerda cuando estaba a punto de morir. Vivió para Dios y para lo que Él más quiere: llegar a todos, llevarles a todos la esperanza que no vacila, y especialmente a quienes más lo necesitan. «Donde no hay lugar para los pobres, tampoco lo hay para mí», decía la nueva Santa, que con escasos medios contagió a otras Hermanas para seguir a Jesús y dedicarse a la educación y promoción de la mujer. Nacieron así las Hijas de Jesús, que hoy tienen en su Fundadora un modelo de vida muy alto que imitar, y una misión apasionante que proseguir en los numerosos países donde ha llegado el espíritu y los anhelos de apostolado de la Madre Cándida.

“Remember who your teachers were – from these you can learn the wisdom that leads to salvation through faith in Christ Jesus.” For many years countless young people throughout Australia have been blessed with teachers who were inspired by the courageous and saintly example of zeal, perseverance and prayer of Mother Mary McKillop. She dedicated herself as a young woman to the education of the poor in the difficult and demanding terrain of rural Australia, inspiring other women to join her in the first women’s community of religious sisters of that country. She attended to the needs of each young person entrusted to her, without regard for station or wealth, providing both intellectual and spiritual formation. Despite many challenges, her prayers to Saint Joseph and her unflagging devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, to whom she dedicated her new congregation, gave this holy woman the graces needed to remain faithful to God and to the Church. Through her intercession, may her followers today continue to serve God and the Church with faith and humility!

Nella seconda metà del secolo XIX, in Campania, nel sud dell’Italia, il Signore chiamò una giovane maestra elementare, Giulia Salzano, e ne fece un’apostola dell’educazione cristiana, fondatrice della Congregazione delle Suore Catechiste del Sacro Cuore di Gesù. Madre Giulia comprese bene l’importanza della catechesi nella Chiesa, e, unendo la preparazione pedagogica al fervore spirituale, si dedicò ad essa con generosità e intelligenza, contribuendo alla formazione di persone di ogni età e ceto sociale. Ripeteva alle sue consorelle che desiderava fare catechismo fino all’ultima ora della sua vita, dimostrando con tutta se stessa che se “Dio ci ha creati per conoscerLo, amarLo e servirLo in questa vita”, nulla bisognava anteporre a questo compito. L’esempio e l’intercessione di santa Giulia Salzano sostengano la Chiesa nel suo perenne compito di annunciare Cristo e di formare autentiche coscienze cristiane.

Santa Battista Camilla Varano, monaca clarissa del XV secolo, testimoniò fino in fondo il senso evangelico della vita, specialmente perseverando nella preghiera. Entrata a 23 anni nel monastero di Urbino, si inserì da protagonista in quel vasto movimento di riforma della spiritualità femminile francescana che intendeva recuperare pienamente il carisma di santa Chiara d’Assisi. Promosse nuove fondazioni monastiche a Camerino, dove più volte fu eletta abbadessa, a Fermo e a San Severino. La vita di santa Battista, totalmente immersa nelle profondità divine, fu un’ascesa costante nella via della perfezione, con un eroico amore verso Dio e il prossimo. Fu segnata da grandi sofferenze e mistiche consolazioni; aveva deciso infatti, come scrive lei stessa, di “entrare nel Sacratissimo Cuore di Gesù e di annegare nell’oceano delle sue acerbissime sofferenze”. In un tempo in cui la Chiesa pativa un rilassamento dei costumi, ella percorse con decisione la strada della penitenza e della preghiera, animata dall’ardente desiderio di rinnovamento del Corpo mistico di Cristo.

Cari fratelli e sorelle, rendiamo grazie al Signore per il dono della santità, che risplende nella Chiesa e oggi traspare sul volto di questi nostri fratelli e sorelle. Gesù invita anche ciascuno di noi a seguirlo per avere in eredità la vita eterna. Lasciamoci attrarre da questi esempi luminosi, lasciamoci guidare dai loro insegnamenti, perché la nostra esistenza sia un cantico di lode a Dio. Ci ottengano questa grazia la Vergine Maria e l’intercessione dei sei nuovi Santi che oggi con gioia veneriamo. Amen.

© Copyright 2010 - Libreria Editrice Vaticana

SOURCE : http://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/it/homilies/2010/documents/hf_ben-xvi_hom_20101017_canonizations.html

The Saint Joseph Memorial Park in Saint Joseph (Huron County). The park contains a statue of Saint Joseph and Saint Frère André Bessette.



Den hellige Andreas Bessette (1845-1937)

Minnedag: 6. januar

Den hellige Andreas (fr: André) ble født som Alfred Bessette den 9. august 1845 i den lille landsbyen Saint-Grégoire-d'Iberville fire mil sørvest for Montréal i det som da het Canada East (fr: Canada-Est), den sørlige delen av det som siden 1867 har vært provinsen Québec. Han var den åttende av tolv barn av tømmermannen Isaac Bessette og hans hustru Clothilde Foisy. Den nyfødte gutten var så svak at man fryktet for hans liv, så jordmoren foretok straks en nøddåp. Dagen etter mottok han kondisjonal dåp i kirken (dåp i tilfelle den første var ugyldig).

Høsten 1849 solgte Isaac Bessette sin eiendom i Saint-Grégoire og kjøpte et stykke land femten kilometer lenger sørøst, i Farnham nær Rivière Yamaska. Dit flyttet han sammen med familien. Som en familiefar som levde i fattigdom, arbeidet han i ulike yrker: som snekker, tømmermann, bøkker (tønnemaker) og vognmaker. Han arbeidet også som tømmerhogger. Men den 20. februar 1855 omkom han da et tre han felte, falt oppå brystet hans. Hans hustru satt igjen som førtiårig enke med ti barn (to var døde). Hun sørget for at de fikk en kristen oppdragelse og innpodet dem den tradisjonelle kanadiske andakten for Jesus, Maria og Josef. Men hun kom seg aldri av sjokket etter mannens død, og den 20. november 1857 døde også hun av tuberkulose.

Barna ble da spredt blant slektninger, og den tolvårige Alfred kom til sin mors søster, Marie-Rosalie Foisy, og hennes mann Timothée Nadeau, som bodde i Saint-Césaire. Han fikk katekismeundervisning og ble fermet (konfirmert) av den første biskopen av Saint-Hyacinthe, Jean-Charles Prince, den 7. juni 1858. Men på grunn av dårlig helse og familiens svake økonomi ble det ikke mer skolegang, og han var bare i stand til å skrive sitt eget navn og lese trykte bokstaver.

Det var nødvendig at Alfred tidlig fant seg et arbeid for å kunne betale for seg hos onkelen og tanten, og med onkelens medvirkning prøvde han seg i mange yrker. Først arbeidet han med å transportere byggematerialer. Da hans onkel Timothée dro av gårde til California i jakt på gull i 1860, tok borgermesteren i Saint-Césaire, Louis Ouimet, den unge gutten inn for å arbeide på sin gård. Etter det prøvde Alfred seg i forskjellige fag i Farnham, Saint-Jean (Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu), Waterloo og Chambly. I 1862 var han tilbake i Saint-Césaire som skomaker- og bakerlærling. Men denne store variasjonen i arbeidserfaring gjorde ingenting for å forbedre hans fysiske tilstand. Han var ikke i stand til å fordøye noe, på grunn av de kroniske magesmertene hadde han ikke noe hell med seg i noen av sine yrkesforsøk.

Men hos tanten ble hans religiøse fundament, som var lagt av hans fromme mor, enda dypere, og han ba hele tiden. Marie-Rosalie ble imidlertid forskrekket da hun oppdaget hvilke botsøvelser han påla seg selv. Han spiste aldri dessert og bar et lærbelte med jernpigger rundt livet. Han knelte ofte i bønn, intenst og i lang tid av gangen, og han kunne finnes med hendene strukket ut til siden, foran et krusifiks, i kirken, i sitt rom eller i en låve. Han hadde en stor hengivenhet for den hellige Josef. Det undret derfor ingen at man ofte så gutten i bønn foran den vakre Josef-statuen i sognekirken.

Alfred håpet å finne et arbeid som kunne forenes med hans fysiske tilstand, så i oktober 1863 tok han toget til New England i det nordøstre USA. Tusenvis av hans landsmenn hadde allerede dratt dit, tiltrukket av velstanden, inkludert noen av hans brødre, søstre og venner. I New England gikk fabrikkene for fullt for å dekke behovene til nordstatshæren i den amerikanske borgerkrigen. Alfred lærte seg engelsk, men han fant fabrikkarbeidet nesten mer enn han kunne klare og byttet mellom arbeid på tekstilfabrikker og på gårder i New England. Han var hyret i Connecticut (Moosup, Putnam, Hartford og Killingly), Massachusetts (North Easton) og Rhode Island (Phoenix). Alfred var reservert av natur, og utslitt etter en hard dags arbeid, pleide han å stenge seg inne på sitt rom og be.

Alfred kunne knapt lese og skrive og skulle komme til å være sykelig hele livet. Også i New England måtte han gi opp. Etter forgjeves å ha lett etter passende arbeid i fire år uten suksess, vendte han tilbake til hjemlandet da den nye kanadiske føderasjonen ble dannet i 1867. Han slo seg ned i Sutton, hvor hans søster Léocadie og hans bror Claude bodde. Men han dro snart tilbake til Farnham, hvor den lokale presten Édouard Springer ansatte ham til å ta vare på sin hest og hage og utføre vanskelige oppgaver rundt på prestegården. Da Springer flyttet til et nytt sogn i 1868, dro Alfred tilbake for å bo i hjemmet til Louis Ouimet i Saint-Césaire.

Ouimet la merke til hans fromhet og nevnte den for sin helgenaktige sogneprest, André Provençal. Han mente at den unge mannen hadde ordenskall, selv om Alfred selv mente at han var alt for uvitende. Abbé Provençal overvant hans nøling ved å forsikre ham om at han ville finne det bønnefylte miljøet han trengte samt nyttig arbeid i kongregasjonen «Brødrene av Det hellige Kors» (Congregatio a Sancta Cruce – CSC), som sognepresten hadde gitt ansvaret for en skole i sitt sogn i 1869.

Den 22. november 1870 dukket Alfred Bessette opp i Collège Notre-Dame i Côte-des-Neiges i Montréal, hvor kongregasjonen nylig hadde åpnet sitt novisiat. P. Provençal skrev søknaden for ham og sendte med ham et introduksjonsbrev til novisemester Julien-Pierre Gastineau, hvor det sto: «Jeg sender dere en helgen». Den 8. desember utpekte den salige pave Pius IX (1854-78) den hellige Josef til skytshelgen for Universalkirken. Den 27. desember tok Alfred Bessette ordensnavnet Andreas (fr: André) i takknemlighet mot sogneprest André Provençal, da han og en annen postulant ble ikledd ordensdrakten.

Mot slutten av novisiatet nølte de overordnede med å akseptere broder Andreas' inntreden i ordenslivet på grunn av hans svake helse. Andreas fryktet at han ville bli avvist, og han ba da den hellige Josef om hjelp og lovte at han ville bygge en helligdom til ham dersom han fikk avlegge løftene. På den tiden avla biskop Ignace Bourget av Montréal et besøk hos patrene av Det hellige kors, som han selv hadde fått til Canada. Broder Andreas overkom da sin naturlige ydmykhet og ba om en samtale med ham. Han fortalte biskopen om sin store bekymring for å bli avvist, om sin hengivenhet for Josef og om løftet han hadde avlagt om å bygge en helligdom for ham på høyden tvers overfor kollegiet. Biskopen ble rørt over denne store hengivenheten til Josef, som han selv delte, og han planla selv å bygge en kirke til ære for Josef og gjøre den til senteret for et stort valfartssted. Det var for å virkeliggjøre denne planen at Patrene av Det hellige kors var kommet fra Le Mans i Frankrike.

Biskopen insisterte på at broder Andreas måtte få avlegge løftene, og den nye novisemesteren, Amédée Guy, anbefalte ham også med ordene: «Dersom denne unge mannen blir ute av stand til å arbeide, vil han i det minste være i stand til å be godt». Dermed fikk Andreas likevel lov til å avlegge løftene som legbror den 22. august 1872. Han avla sine endelige løfter den 2. februar 1874, 28 ½ år gammel.

Etter at novisiatet var over med avleggelsen av de første løftene, ble «Frère André», som han ble kjent som, utnevnt til portner for kollegiet Notre Dame du Sacré-Coeur. Det var en skole for gutter mellom syv og tolv år. Stillingen som portner hadde han i nesten førti år, til midten av juli 1909. Hans jobb var å være dørvakt, ønske gjester velkommen, finne menneskene de skulle besøke, vekke dem som gikk på skolen og levere post. Senere spøkte han: «Ved slutten av novisiatet viste mine overordnede meg døren, og der ble jeg i førti år».

Han hadde også andre oppgaver, som å holde området rent og gjøre innkjøp, og han var også barberer, gartner og sykepasser for elevene, og noen ganger fulgte han dem på turer på fridagene deres. Alt sitt arbeid utførte han med stor nestekjærlighet og tålmodighet, og han ble en hjelper og trøster for mange elever ved kollegiet. En annen av hans oppgaver var almisseutdeler, og han tok seg villig av de fattige og syke som kom til porten for å få trøst, råd og hjelp. To sider av hans spiritualitet var karakteristiske: Hans dype hengivenhet for St. Josef og hans engasjement for de fattige og lidende.

Hans store tillit til St. Josef inspirerte ham til å anbefale kulten for denne helgenen til alle dem som var plaget på et eller annet vis. På sine mange besøk til de syke i deres hjem, pleide han å anbefale dem i bønn til St. Josef, gi dem en Josefsmedaljong og et par dråper olje fra lampen som alltid brant foran alteret for St. Josef i kollegiets kapell, som han anbefalte dem å salve seg med i stor tillit til St. Josef. Etter fem år som portner begynte broder Andreas å utvikle er stadig større ry som undergjører, og historier om hans helbredende evner begynte å versere i Montreal. Folk hevdet at de var blitt helbredet gjennom bønnene til den gode broder og St. Josef, og de var takknemlige over at deres bønner var blitt hørt. Broder Andreas nektet hardnakket å ta noen ære for disse helbredelsene, og selv om han vanligvis var en mild mann, var han kjent for å bli rasende på dem som antydet at han hadde helbredende evner.

Den første kjente beretningen om helbredelser ble skrevet av Désiré-Michel Giraudeau med ordensnavnet broder Aldéric, som fortalte om sin egen helbredelse i tillegg til flere andres. Den ble utgitt i Paris i 1878 i annalene til Association de Saint-Joseph. Den lille broderens ry – han var knapt 150 centimeter høy – som en hellige undergjører spredte seg fra munn til munn. Skolens myndigheter begynte etter hvert å bekymre seg for den voksende strømmen av besøkende. Foreldre, kollegaer og til og med skolelegen klaget til byens religiøse og helsemessige myndigheter om nærværet av syke personer så nær studentene. Noen kalte broder Andreas en sjarlatan og kvakksalver.

Som ung mann hadde broder Andreas hatt en drøm hvor han så en kirke i uvanlige omgivelser. Senere gjenkjente han stedet som toppen av Mont Royal, som ligger tvers overfor kollegiet Notre-Dame i sentrum av Montréal og har gitt byen sitt navn. Det var opprinnelig en bratt høyde bevokst av tett skog. I mange år hadde ledelsen for Brødrene av Det hellige Kors prøvd å kjøpe en tomt der, men eierne nektet å selge. Da klatret broder Andreas og andre opp og plantet Josef-medaljonger der, og snart ga eierne etter og en tomt ble kjøpt i 1896. Dette er årsaken til at mange i engelskspråklige land som ønsker å kjøpe eller selge sitt hjem, nå påkaller St. Josef.

Rundt år 1900 ble broder Andreas bedt om å begynne å møte de syke i et skur som var blitt bygd tvers overfor skolen for studentenes foreldre ved et trikkestopp. Han tok med de besøkende for å be foran en statue av St. Josef som han hadde satt opp i en nisje på Mount Royal. Tomten som var kjøpt i 1896 av Collège Notre-Dame, fikk navnet Parc Saint-Joseph. Den nedre delen ble dyrket, mens den øvre delen ble brukt til rekreasjon.

Broder Andreas' store plan var å bygge et kapell for St. Josef på denne høyden, og i 1904 overrasket den 59-årige Andreas erkebiskop Paul Bruchési av Montréal ved å be om tillatelse til dette. Ved hjelp av støtte fra sine venner – mange av dem hadde blitt bønnhørt etter å ha bedt sammen med ham – fikk han til slutt tillatelse til å bygge. Men erkebiskopen nektet å pådra seg gjeld, og han og skolens myndigheter ville bare tillate at broder Andreas bygde for de pengene han hadde. I mange år hadde han samlet inn penger ved å klippe elevene på kollegiet for 5 cent stykket, og i tillegg hadde han småpenger fra en liten boks han hadde satt opp i et piknikskur på toppen av høyden ved siden av en statue av Josef med et skilt: «Donasjoner til St. Josef». Takket være spontane donasjoner i penger og gjenstander som statuer, vaser, liturgiske klær og en klokke, fikk han til slutt noen hundre dollar. Dem brukte han til å bygge et lite trekapell som målte 4 ½ x 5 ½ meter. og den rudimentære helligdommen ble åpnet den 16. oktober 1904. Dette kapellet står i dag som det var i 1908.

Broder Andreas fortsatte å samle inn penger og kom tilbake til erkebiskopen for å be om tillatelse til mer bygging. Erkebiskopen ga ham tillatelse til å bygge så lenge han hadde penger. Andreas startet med å bygge et tak for alle menneskene som kom for å høre messe ved kapellet, og senere kom vegger, oppvarming og en brolagt vei opp høyden, et herberge for pilegrimer og til slutt et sted hvor broder Andreas og andre kunne bo og ta seg av helligdommen og pilegrimene som kom dit.

Fra 1905 til 1908 ble begynnelsen og slutten på valfartssesongen markert med seremonien på Kristi Himmelfartsdag og en prosesjon i september. Etter å ha møttes flere ganger i 1907 konstituerte de nidkjære tilhengerne av St. Josefs oratorium seg som en komité den 9. september 1908 og ga den navnet Comité de l'Oratoire Saint-Joseph de la Côte-des-Neiges. Strømmen av pilegrimer var så stor at kapellet måtte utvides fire ganger mellom 1908 og 1912. Hver gang gjorde offentlighetens sjenerøsitet det mulig å betale for arbeidet fullstendig og i tide. Komiteen fungerte til midten av juli 1909, da myndighetene ved Collège Notre-Dame tok over administrasjonen av oratoriet og utnevnte broder Andreas til guardian for helligdommen. Samtidig sluttet han i embetet som portner og flyttet over til helligdommen.

Snart var han opptatt på heltid der. Hans omsorg for dem som trengte åndelig legedom og støtte, fikk ham til å tilbringe åtte til ti timer daglig med å ta imot klienter. En religiøs forening, Confrérie de Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal, ble offisielt konstituert av erkebiskop Bruchési den 21. november 1909, og den inkluderte legfolk, både menn og kvinner, venner av broder Andreas og bidragsytere til St Joseph's Oratory og dets arbeid. De ble innkalt av rektor for oratoriet, provinsialsuperior Georges-Auguste Dion, til en times bønn på den tredje søndagen hver måned klokken 15. Dette var anledningen hvor det ble rapportert om helligdommens affærer: mottatte brev, anmodninger om bønner eller messer, helbredelser samt ulike småsaker oratoriets utvikling og aktiviteter. Broder Andreas ble etter hvert så kjent at det i 1910 måtte ansettes sekretærer for å svare på de 80.000 brevene han fikk hvert år.

I 1912 ble styret for St Joseph's Oratory etablert, bestående av tre prester og tre brødre fra Det hellige kors, inkludert broder Andreas. Det månedlige magasinet Annales de Saint-Joseph begynte å utgis i Montréal samme år. Dets formål var å fremme venerasjonen av St. Josef, publisere oratoriets arbeid og kongregasjonens misjon i Bengal samt kommentere tidens sosiale spørsmål. En engelsk utgave kom til i 1927. Et team av prester og brødre skrev artikler og spalter, mens en gruppe utvalgte forfattere, som Félix Leclerc, Guy Mauffette, Alfred DesRochers, Françoise Gaudet-Smet [Gaudet] og Marie-Antoinette Grégoire-Coupal, i tillegg til illustratørene Edmond-Joseph Massicotte, Jacques Gagnier og Gui Laflamme, skulle senere komme til å bidra. Magasinet ble fortsatt utgitt på begynnelsen av 2000-tallet under navnet L'Oratoire. Fra 3 600 i 1912 økte opplaget til 122 000 i 1932.

Det var en voksende strøm av besøkende til helligdommen. Mennesker fra hele Canada kom til broder Andreas for åndelig veiledning eller for å bli helbredet. Tusenvis av helbredelser er tilskrevet ham, men selv sa han alltid at det var St. Josef som sto for miraklene. Til tross for økonomiske vanskeligheter mistet broder Andreas aldri motet eller troen.

I 1913 var det så store menneskemengder som kom for å besøke Andreas og be til St. Josef, at det ble bestemt å bygge en stor kirke (basilika) for å møte deres behov. Beslutningen ble tatt under press fra legfolket og med oppmuntring av erkebiskop Bruchési. Et forslag ble laget av arkitektene Alphonse Venne og Dalbé Viau. Det ble bestemt å begynne med krypten og deretter bygge en basilika oppå den. Pengene til byggingen av krypten, rundt $ 80 000, hadde allerede blitt samlet inn gjennom de troendes donasjoner. Byggingen startet i 1914, og den 16. desember 1917 ble den nye kryptkirken med plass til tusen personer åpnet. Den brukes fortsatt til daglige hverdagsmesser.

Men etter mindre enn et år viste denne kirken seg å være for liten. Antallet besøkende fortsatte å stige gjennom 1920-tallet, og i denne tiden ble helligdommen i tråd med ønskene til erkebiskopen og hans koadjutor, biskop Georges Gauthier, senteret for den religiøse aktiviteten i erkebispedømmet. Foreninger av alle slag, sosiale bevegelser, katolske fagforeninger, religiøse brorskap, fikk for vane å foreta valfarter og holde samlinger der, noe som trakk tusenvis av mennesker. Årlige besøk til oratoriet ble organisert i menigheter og utdanningsinstitusjoner.

Besøkende kom ikke bare fra Quebec, men også fra Ontario, New Brunswick, det vestlige Canada og USA. Broder Andreas mottok dem hver dag fra ni om morgenen til fem om ettermiddagen. Om kvelden kjørte venner ham til hjemmene til mennesker som var for syke til å reise. I 1920 innførte broder Andreas en times tilbedelse i krypten hver fredag kveld klokken åtte, noe som snart ble fulgt av en korsvei. Hundrevis og tusenvis av troende kom til disse kveldene. Ideen om soning, som ble fremsatt av de religiøse myndighetene for å møte trusselen fra sosialisme og kommunisme samt krigene i Europa, ga støtet til ulike leg-initiativ. Fra 1926 begynte for eksempel Édouard-L.-H. Barsalo å organisere en valfart til fots for å delta i årets første messe i oratoriet, og hundrevis og senere tusenvis fulgte dette kallet.

I 1915 begynte broder Andreas' overordnede å la ham ta en kort ferie to ganger i året. Han brukte denne tiden til å besøke slektninger og venner i Sutton, Saint-Césaire og Quebec City, men også i USA, spesielt i New England, og i Ontario (Toronto, Sudbury og Ottawa). Hans ry som undergjører gikk foran ham. Stasjonsmestere annonserte hans ankomst, og folkemengder samlet seg da han kom av toget og ved dørene til de hotellene eller prestegårdene hvor han bodde. Hver gang ble det meldt om eksempler på helbredelser i de lokale avisene. Han kom alltid tilbake med gaver som var gitt i takknemlighet for de bønnesvar som var gitt. Det var et voksende folkelig krav om at planene om en basilika skulle gjennomføres, og i 1927 ga Gauthier tillatelse til en økonomisk kampanje for å samle inn de nødvendige midlene. I mellomtiden fortsatte arbeidet på området ved at veier og parkeringsplasser ble bygd, og det ble sørget for servicefasiliteter.

Miraklene som skjedde ved St Joseph's Oratory vakte pressens interesse, spesielt de engelskspråklige avisene. I 1922 publiserte George Henry Ham, en lobbyist for The Canadian Pacific Railway Company, i Toronto-magasinet Maclean's en rapport han hadde skrevet etter å ha besøkt broder Andreas og møtt mennesker han ble sagt å skulle ha helbredet. Artikkelen vakte så stor interesse at Ham straks fulgte den opp ved å utgi i Toronto den første biografien om broder Andreas, The miracle man of Montreal, som straks ble oversatt av Raoul Clouthier og utgitt i Montreal som Le thaumaturge de Montréal. Samme år fikk Arthur Saint-Pierre i oppdrag å skrive helligdommens historie, L'Oratoire Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal, som kom ut i Montreal og skulle komme i utallige utgaver.

Etter først å ha vist en god del tilbakeholdenhet overfor broder Andreas' prosjekt ble hans overordnede til slutt vunnet over av hans oppriktighet, enkelhet og overbevisningen til en mann som ikke baserte seg på angivelige mirakler eller visjoner, men på sin venerasjon for St. Josef. I tillegg til denne venerasjonen kom kjærligheten til Gud, konstant lesning av evangeliet og kulten for Den hellige familie og Jesu hellige hjerte. Han pleide å fortelle historien om Jesu lidelse til sine nærmeste venner med slik følelse at de ble beveget og forvandlet av den. Han ba og gikk gjennom korsveiens stasjoner med dem og ba dem alle om å be. Blant dem som fulgte ham flittig, var Jules-Aimé Maucotel, som han kalte sin rådgiver og som aktivt hjalp til med å organisere seremonier, Azarias Claude, en velstående kjøpmann som ble hans høyre hånd og sjåfør, og Joseph-Olivier Pichette, som da han var 25 år gammel, var blitt fortalt av sin lege at han snart ville dø, og som tilskrev sin tilfriskning lange bønner sammen med mirakelgjøreren.

Arbeidene med å bygge en basilika på høyden ble satt i gang, men den økonomiske depresjonen stanset arbeidet i 1931. I 1936 innkalte kongregasjonen til et ekstraordinært møte for å avgjøre om prosjektet skulle fortsette, spesielt siden snø og frost truet med å skade den uferdige og takløse basilikaen. Provinsialen tilkalte den nittiårige Andreas og ba om hans mening. Til forsamlingen sa han: «Dette er ikke mitt verk, men den hellige Josefs. Sett en statue av ham i midten av bygningen. Hvis han ønsker tak over hodet, vil han ta hånd om det». To måneder senere hadde kongregasjonen fått nok penger til å fortsette arbeidet. Andreas var så syk at han måtte bæres opp på høyden for å se statuen i sitt nye hjem. På slutten av sitt liv ble den sykelige Andreas spurt hvordan han hadde klart å bli så gammel. Leende svarte han: «Ved å spise så lite som mulig og arbeide så mye som mulig».

I flere år før sin død var broder Andreas allerede den symbolske skikkelsen for St Joseph's Oratory. Hans karisma, hans smilende ansikt, rynkete og strålende av godhet, og hans enkle humor kunne vinne over selv den mest likegyldige. Han viste god dømmekraft overfor sine besøkende, men også ubegrenset nestekjærlighet, og han ønsket velkommen alle som kom, uansett sosial stilling eller religion. Selv om han likte å le, hadde han også øyeblikk av utålmodighet, spesielt når noen ga ham æren for bønnesvar. Da pleide han å si mens tårene rant: «Det er ikke jeg som helbreder. Det er St. Josef».

I 1936 falt han i koma etter et akutt angrep av magekatarr, og deretter fikk han et slag. Han hadde fryktelige smerter, men klarte likevel å prise Gud for alt det vakre han hadde opplevd i livet. De siste månedene av sitt lange liv tilbrakte han i nonneklosteret Vår Frue av Håp (Notre-Dame-de-l'Espérance) i Ville Saint-Laurent i Montréal. Frère André døde der den 6. januar 1937 i en alder av 91 år. Hans legeme lå på lit-de-parade i oratoriet, som ble holdt åpent dag og natt, inntil 12. januar, og det ble anslått at nærmere en million mennesker kom til oratoriet for å vise ham den siste ære. I tillegg til halve befolkningen i Montreal kom mennesker med spesialtog fra Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire og Vermont. En innledende begravelsesseremoni ble holdt i katedralen i Montréal og en ny i St Joseph's Oratory. Hans legeme ble gravlagt i en alkove i et lite minnekapell. Hans hjerte ble fjernet fra kroppen og utstilt i et relikvar i kirken. Hjertet ble stjålet i mars 1973, men ble funnet igjen i desember 1974.

Skritt for skritt hadde den beskjedne legbroren Andreas klart å reise en praktfull basilika, 115 meter lang, 70 meter bred og 60 meter høy innvendig – 97 meter fra golvet til toppen av korset på kuppelen. Det er den største St. Josef-kirken i verden med plass til 2.200 mennesker. Selv fikk han ikke oppleve å se sitt oratorium ferdig. Kirken er kanskje verdens viktigste St. Josefs-helligdom, og den ble høytidelig vigslet i 1955 og gitt rang av en mindre basilika (Basilica minor). I 1967 var byggearbeidene endelig ferdige.

Broder Andreas ligger i dag i en enkel grav i basilikaen. Mursteinsbuen over graven ble tegnet av arkitekten Dom Paul Bellot OSB, og det samme ble den svarte marmorsarkofagen donert av Maurice Duplessis, statsminister i Quebec og en venn av Frère André. Fresken bak graven ble malt av kunstneren Henri Charlier og viser broder Andreas' troskap mot Vår Herres lidelse. Den bærer inskripsjonen: Pauper, servis et humilis, «en fattig og ydmyk tjener». På den andre siden står en byste av denne apostelen for St. Josef. Under den er en åpen bok hvor pilegrimer kan slutte seg til de millioner av andre som har skrevet inn sitt navn til støtte for broder Andreas' helligkåring.

Allerede i 1941 begynte Brødrene av Det hellige Kors prosedyren for broder Andreas' saligkåring. Den 11. september 1963 ble hans grav åpnet av det kirkelige tribunalet som drev hans saligkåringsprosess for å verifisere autentisiteten av hans jordiske rester. Den 12. juni 1978 ble hans «heroiske dyder» anerkjent av pave Paul VI (1963-78), og han fikk tittelen Venerabilis («Ærverdig»). Den 27. november 1981 undertegnet den ærverdige pave Johannes Paul II (1978-2005) dekretet fra Helligkåringskongregasjonen som godkjente et mirakel på hans forbønn. Det gjaldt helbredelsen i 1958 av Giuseppe Carlo Audino, som led av kreft. Han ble saligkåret den 23. mai 1982 av pave Johannes Paul II på Petersplassen i Roma som den første fra sin kongregasjon.

Den 19. desember 2009 undertegnet pave Benedikt XVI dekretet fra Helligkåringskongregasjonen som godkjente et nytt mirakel på hans forbønn, noe som åpnet veien for en snarlig helligkåring. Dette miraklet skal ha skjedd i USA på Andreas' minnedag den 6. januar 1998, da en familie ba om hans forbønn for deres sønn, som var skadet i en trafikkulykke. Få spesifikke detaljer er offentliggjort ettersom familien har bedt om anonymitet, men medisinske eksperter har stadfestet at helbredelsen ikke kunne forklares av tradisjonell medisin.

Broder Andreas ble helligkåret sammen med fem andre søndag den 17. oktober 2010 i St. Peter i Roma av pave Benedikt XVI. Hans minnedag er dødsdagen 6. januar. Han er den første helgen fra sin kongregasjon.

Kilder: Attwater/Cumming, Lodi, Butler (I), Delaney, Ball (1), Ball (4), Holböck (1), Resch (B1), Index99, KIR, CSO, Patron Saints SQPN, Heiligenlexikon, en.wikipedia.org, saint-joseph.org, holycrossbrothers.org, biographi.ca, ewtn.com, alumni.nd.edu, andrehouseaz.org, dailycatholic.org, holycrosscsc.org, monksofadoration.org, stedwards.edu, stthomasirondequoit.com, catholicism.org - Kompilasjon og oversettelse: p. Per Einar Odden - Opprettet: 2004-02-04 01:10 - Sist oppdatert: 2010-10-16 15:53

SOURCE : http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/abesette

Chapelle du Saint Frère André, Oratoire Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal, Montréal


† 1937  André Bessette

André (gedoopt Alfred) Bessette (‘Frère André’), Montréal, Québec, Canada; broederportier; † 1937.

Feest 6 januari.

Hij werd als vijfde van twaalf kinderen op 9 april 1845 geboren te St-Grégoire-d'Iberville in de Canadese provincie Québec, als zoon van een timmerman. Hij was een kind met een uiterst kwetsbare gezondheid. Toen hij negen was, stierf zijn vader; drie jaar later zijn moeder. Hij werd liefdevol opgenomen bij een tante. Bovendien had de pastoor, André Provençal bijzondere zorg voor hem. Toen achtereenvolgens het beroep van schoenmaker, bakker en boer te zwaar voor hem bleken, trad hij op advies van zijn pastoor in bij de religieuze Congregatie van het Heilig Kruis. Op 27 december 1870 werd hij ingekleed; uit dankbaarheid voor de goede zorgen van zijn pastoor koos hij als kloosternaam André.

Vanwege zijn zwakke gezondheid dacht de Congregatie erover hem weg te sturen. Van pastoor Provençal had hij een grote devotie voor Sint Jozef overgehouden. De jonge novice beloofde in zijn gebed tot Sint Jozef dat hij voor hem een bedevaartsoord zou oprichten, als hij tot de geloften werd toegelaten. Tijdens een visite van de bisschop legde frater André zijn verlangen aan de bisschop voor. Ook vertrouwde hij hem zijn belofte aan Sint Jozef toe. Dat trof, want de bisschop liep zelf rond met plannen voor een apart St-Jozefheiligdom. Hij was onder de indruk van de eenvoud en het eerlijke enthousiasme van de jongeman en zorgde ervoor dat frater André werd toegelaten tot de geloften.

De eerste veertig jaar van zijn kloosterleven was hij portier van het college van de paters. Daar werd hij elke dag opgezocht door tientallen mensen; zij legden hem hun nood voor; hij luisterde, bad met hen, en raadde hen aan zich tot Sint Jozef te wenden. Uit de getuigenverklaringen bij zijn zaligverklaringsproces blijkt dat zeer velen vaak op wonderbaarlijke wijze werden verhoord.

Intussen ijverde hij voor de oprichting van een Jozefheiligdom op de berg recht tegenover zijn klooster, de Mont Royal, de berg waarnaar de stad Montréal is genoemd. Hij lag midden in de stad en was indertijd begroeid met bos en dicht struikgewas. Gaandeweg wist Frère André steeds meer zijn plan te verwezenlijken, zodat hij de laatste dertig jaar van zijn leven diende als portier van het Jozefbedevaartsoord op de berg dat intussen is uitgegroeid tot een enorme basiliek, het zogeheten Oratoire de Saint-Josèph; jaarlijks trekken er duizenden pelgrims naartoe.

Hoewel Frère André zijn levenlang een zwakke gezondheid heeft behouden, stonden toch gebed en naastenliefde voorop. Hij is er bijna tweeënnegentig mee geworden.

Hij werd op 23 mei 1982 door paus Johannes Paulus II († 2004) zalig verklaard.
Bij die gelegenheid werd de Nederlander Peerke Donders eveneens zalig verklaard.

Bronnen
[Hb1.1991; Lin.1999; Dries van den Akker s.j./2007.12.19]

© A. van den Akker s.j.

SOURCE : http://heiligen-3s.nl/heiligen/01/06/01-06-1937-andre.php



Chapelle du Frère André, Oratoire Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal, Montréal